Utepliteli on a basis vspuchennogo perlita

More half a century vspuchennyiy perlitovyiy sand is used as a heater as in the pure state, and in teploizolyatsionnyih items. Unique properties vspuchennogo perlita have caused wide application of this material in the industry and building.

Easy (50-250 kg/m3), nonflammable, porous sand-rubble is used today for thermal isolation of buildings, structures, the equipment. It works at temperatures-273 yo +900oS. With its help solve questions ognezaschityi, acoustic isolation, as it use napolniteley in easy concrete, pants, linoleum, etc.

The world level of production vspuchennogo perlita reaches 20 million m3 in a year. In the nineties annual growth of volumes of production of this material in the world has on the average made about 10 %.

The leader in production vspuchennogo perlita and production from it are the USA. There it is made about 7 million m3 in a year of this product. 70 % vspuchennogo perlita are used in building. To present size of this volume, it is enough to tell, that in 2001 Russia has made and has received on export of all teploizolyatsionnyih materials, including perlit, about 8,5 million m3.

On the beginning of 90th years in Soviet Union the issue volume vspuchennogo perlita made 2,0 million m3, and 90 % were made in Russia. Today the annual volume of production vspuchennogo perlita in Russia does not exceed 200 thousand m3.

The analysis of foreign and domestic experience of application vspuchennogo perlita in building shows, that besides traditional spheres of application of this material, known as in Russia, and abroad, have appeared and intensively new directions which are for the present run a little in develop.

The greatest quantity vspuchennogo perlita in world practice is used in formed teploizolyatsionnyih items (about 60 %). As the binding use various products: cement, plaster, bitumen, liquid glass. Such items are manufactured and in Russia. Among perspective domestic formed teploizolyatsionnyih items today it is possible to offer lignoperlit, epsoperlit, perlitodiatomit, termoperlit. As binding in these items are applied accordingly lignosulfonatyi, water-soluble salt – seven-water sulphate of magnesium, gidrooksid sodium and its salt.

To the beginning of 90th years Teploproektom have been developed and there have passed all necessary tests at ecologists and firemen such teploizolyatsionnyie materials on a basis perlita, as lignoperlit, epsoperlit, termoperlit and perlitodiatomit. Now Aprelevsky experimental plant Teploproekta has run in issue termoperlita and perlitodiatomita.

Production of these items is distinguished from other known productions from perlita by low humidity of forming weight (25-35 otn. %). It allows to organise their manufacturing on prokatno-conveyor technology and to make its practically without waste. Besides, lowered humidity of forming weight of these items allows na25-30 to lower % power inputs on their thermal processing. All of them ecologically also are fireproof.

These materials which are not incorporating organic connections, can be applied as to isolation of hot surfaces (termoperlit – 600oS, perlitodiatomit – 800oS), and as fireproof and fire-resistant building isolation. As the binding use seven-water sulphate of magnesium (epsoperlit) or gidroksid sodium and its salt (termoperlit).

Small initial humidity allows to conduct sintering process in one stage on conveyor technology during 1,5-2 ch at temperature 500oS (termoperlit).

In the table technical characteristics formed teploizolyatsionnyih items on a basis vspuchennogo perlita are resulted.

In our country nezasluzhenno it is applied vspuchennyiy perlit in plasters a little. Application warm perlitovyih plasters in rural and individual building is especially perspective. The layer of such plaster of 3 sm on the teploizolyatsionnyim to properties is equivalent in the thickness 15 sm of a bricklaying. Plaster is put on a brick, concrete, shlakobetonu, to a metal grid, a tree and without any additional jobs can be painted or pasted over by wall-paper. It not heated premises can be warmed both heated, and. In the USA, for example, for this purpose it is used not less than 130 thousand m3 vspuchennogo perlita.

In foreign building easy building solutions on a basis vspuchennogo perlita are widely used. Mixed in a dry condition with plaster or cement such structures are shut by water directly on a building site and keep within. They fill in cavities in walls, blocks, a brick, is made zatirka seams and cracks. Such structure has following characteristics: average density – 650 kg/m3; breaking strength – more than 1,7 N/m2; durability on compression – more than 5 N/m2; heat conductivity – nearby 0,2 Vt / (mCHK).

Such solution is most interesting at building from a superficial brick or the foam concrete which properties are close on the teplotehnicheskim to parametres to solution characteristics. The laying on such solutions has no cold bridges.

For isolation of walls of buildings 60-100 kg/m3 are used obespyilennyiy large perlitovyiy sand with the size of grain from 6 mm, volume bulk weight. Zasyipku cavities between bearing and facing layings conduct posloyno after stacking of 3-4 numbers of a brick. The filled up layer in avoidance usadki while in service condense postukivaniem approximately on 10 %. On working ruptures of isolation place waterproofing linings. If necessary izolyatsionnyiy the layer can be executed any required thickness. Having high heat-shielding properties (0,04-0,05 Vt / (mCHK)), vspuchennyiy perlit does not grow old and does not collapse wreckers of an animal and a phytogenesis. Zasyipka it is made both from sacks, and by means of special peskostruynyih cars.

Perlitovyie zasyipki use for isolation of walls from wooden and frame designs. Such izolyatsionnyie layers negoryuchi, therefore raise pozharozaschischennost buildings.

In world practice are widely used perlitovyie zasyipki in designs of warm inclined roofs. At first on rafters diffuzionno-nontight bottom covering plates (for example, gipsokartonnyie plates) keep within. Perlit it is filled in a cavity between a covering and obreshetkoy and it is condensed on 10 %.

At fulfilment of the bottom covering layer from vagonki on it stack a water-proof lining from pergamina or films.

Connection places to a gutter, and also pass through a roof are tightly isolated by sealing and sticky tapes.

Rather interesting material used at fulfilment of isolation of inclined roofs, is bituminizirovannyiy perlit. Particles perlita, previously industrially processed by bitumen, at addition in it of solvent become sticky. It allows to create directly at work extremely strong izolyatsionnyie layers of any form. Such isolation is well combined with bituminirovannyimi integumentary layers and izolyatsionnyimi plates, does not require heating before stacking.

With the help vspuchennogo perlita execute teplozvukoizolyatsiyu floors.

For the system of the warmed monolithic floors with asphalt or other firm cover use gidrofobizirovannyiy vspuchennyiy perlitovyiy sand with the size of particles to 6 mm and bulk density about 95 kg/m3. Vspuchennyiy perlitovyiy sand from sacks gets enough sleep on a basis and is distributed levelling reykami so that the thickness of a layer of sand exceeded a desirable thickness on 20 %. The minimum thickness of stacking makes 1 Pipelines and other roughnesses see is simple utaplivayutsya in a layer of this well loose material. All surface is blocked by plates over which monolithic cover is done. If such layers are mounted not on basement overlapping drainage tubes for a congestion and moisture removal, first of all, keep within. Under a layer the absorbing protective lining, for example a kraft-paper (but at all films) is located.

At the system of floors with wooden cover vspuchennyiy perlit keeps within without consolidation. Any cavities between beams and saw-timbers, lost-free a heater on various cuttings, are filled in without difficulty. Negoryuchest a material raises pozharoustoychivost floor designs. In case of need prevention pyileniya and strengthenings top perlitovogo a layer execute posyipku a layer cement with the subsequent easy wetting. In another way strengthenings of a layer of a thermal protection cover perlita the diffuzionno-opened materials, such, for example, as the fiber glass fabric, the goffered cardboard, a kraft-paper, drevesno-fibrous plates is.

For increase of bearing ability of a bulk heat-insulation layer, especially at stacking of monolithic floors, particles vspuchennogo perlita process wax. Despite an insignificant body weight, such perlit, condensed under the consignment, forms stable, strong enough izolyatsionnyiy a layer for dry seamless floors.

Now in Russia for building it is applied no more than 20 % manufactured vspuchennogo perlita. Practically it is not used perlit for isolation of walls, a roof, ceilings. Meanwhile, in connection with increase of requests to a heat-shielding of buildings this material is very perspective.

The factories manufacturing vspuchennyiy perlit, have saved the industrial potential and can deliver today to builders any required quantity perlita a choice quality.