the Warm fur coat for your house

In climatic Russian conditions at which on bolshey the quantity of days in a year with daily average temperature more low 0 ° makes parts of territory of the country from 150 to 180, and limiting temperatures during winter time reach-30 °–40°S, criteria of comfort and quality of housing accommodation, first of all, are connected with its security from a cold. Therefore spent heat largely depends not only on quantity and quality teploizolyatsionnyih materials which are used in building, but also from their constructive decision on facade of buildings and structures.
In connection with rise in price of energy carriers new norms are entered into Russia on teplofizicheskie characteristics of protecting designs that has led also to substantial increase of requests to teploizolyatsionnyim to materials and to carefulness of their installation.
With the same purpose in the country it is revised SNiP 11-3-79 «Building the heating engineer». On new SNiP 11-3-79 ** standard resistance to a heat transfer of protecting designs is raised in 2-3 times. To reach such level of a heat-shielding with application of traditional homogeneous designs (a brick, concrete), it is necessary to increase their thickness in 2 times and more.
The main task facing to designers, builders and ekspluatatsionnikami at the present stage, consists in that without additional expenditures, and even reducing them, to supply a heat-shielding of buildings at modern level.
There are some kinds of warming of facades, each of which has the merits and demerits. One of them - brick facades (a method kolodtsevoy layings). The building wall is warmed by a layer teploizolyatsionnogo a material behind which the number of a bricklaying "connected" with a building by metal anchors is erected. Minuses of this method: on a heater outer side the condensate is formed. Therefore metal details rust, and the external bricklaying starts to collapse. In 7-10 years such facade will require serious repair.
Other method of protection of buildings from low temperatures, a wind and a rain - hinged or ventilated facades. To a wall the mineral heater (basically it is semifixed plates from a stone fibre or the fiber glasses having high indicators of durability, they are fireproof, have high chemical firmness) fastens, and further by means of arms the facing design is mounted. Between it and a warming layer there is an air backlash through which by means of an ascending air stream the redundant moisture leaves. Installation can be carried out at any time year as it is not connected with wet processes.
One more method which is often enough applied by builders, - contact front system at which for warming are used heavy or easy plaster. At heavy plaster warming layers fasten to a wall, and plaster coats are put by wet method, their thickness can reach 40 mm. Plaster works are conducted at temperature 10°S and above. At easy plaster systems the heater plate is attached to a wall by means of glutinous structures and anchors, further there is a reinforcing layer (a thin glass-fiber grid), then a thin plaster layer and to end - impressive cover.
As practice of operation of the last years, the most effective protection of buildings against atmospheric effects, including low temperatures of air shows, is reached by means of ventilated front systems which adequately replace "durable" plaster. In the conditions of a severe Russian climate conformity of quality of the same plaster facade to necessary level is possible only at realisation of works with allowance for the whole complex of requests.
In practice of modern building at its great volumes and an all-the-year-round mode of production of works to achieve absolute observance of all necessary conditions it is practically impossible. For today to get rid of interrelation between time of realisation of civil and erection works and seasonal changes in the nature the ventilated front systems which have become by real alternative to "wet" systems of warming about which it has been told above help.
What is the ventilated facades, and what their design features?
In practice of domestic housing construction it is frequent by error or on ignorance by a ventilated facade name a design with technological emptiness inside. Forgetting, that in the absence of air movement from below-upwards it is impossible to name such design of a facade ventilated.
Thanks to air movement in a layer, carried out at the expense of a gravitational (thermal) and wind pressure, the heater and all bearing elements of a design of facing remain dry, that supplies their long-term operation.
Offered systems differ such quality, as adaptability to manufacture and maintainability that allows to reduce terms of their installation. One more important quality which they have, - ecological cleanliness. At a choice of a variant of furnish, especially when it is a question of objects of mass building, important significance has a parity the price-quality.
As practice of warming of facades shows, the greatest effect is brought by system of hinged ventilated facades «MARMOROK» which more than in 20 countries has received a positive estimation.
System "Marmorok" has been developed and offered for the first time in Sweden. Subsequently it has been processed by us for conditions of the Russian Federation.
System application in our country was preceded by complex tests, and also a number of the coordination necessary for reception of the Technical certificate of Gosstroy. For this purpose experts TSNIIPSK it. Melnikova have made a tentative estimation of bearing ability of system. Prochnostnyie and teplotehnicheskie characteristics of constructive elements entering into it, have been counted with allowance for operation in various prirodno-climatic zones of Russia. Then necessary corrective amendments have been introduced.
Creation of the front system "Marmorok" adapted for difficult conditions of Russia became a result of scientific and technical creativity of experts of different directions. It, first of all, the raised stability to the deformation loads caused by earthquake, a strong wind, sharp differences of temperatures. Further, low water absorption (2-8,5 %) and high frost resistance (more than 200 cycles) decorative panels that allows to use this system in the most rigid climatic conditions. Its important advantage - profitability. At the expense of increase teplotehnicheskih properties of outside walls of buildings the economy of thermal energy on heating to 40 % is reached.
Warranty period of service of system - 50 years. Thus in case of infringement of integrity of the protectively-decorative screen replacement of its separate elements without dismantle of all system is made.
Thanks to wide koloristicheskoy to scale (more than 60 colours and shades) the architect has possibility to "create" facades, applying various architecturally-decorative decisions both under the form, and on colour.
Besides, authors of civil-engineering designs or reconstruction of buildings can take advantage of a high-grade set of the architectural details connected with a frame window and doorways, bay windows, peaks, eaves, etc. All decorative elements are produced of the zinced steel with polymeric cover.
All elements of system are executed from ecologically pure materials: plitnyiy a heater produced of basalt or glass fibres, a skeleton and elements of fixture from the zinced steel, facing panels (the size 600h100 or 300h100 mm) from natural raw materials (a marble crumb, cement and pigments). The panel surface, smooth or rough, is covered by special water-repellent structure. All elements - give in to the subsequent salvaging.
Designs of ventilated facades differ the raised stability to deformations of buildings. Skeleton fastening to a building and panels to the directing is provided in such a manner that to system earthquakes, storm loads and climatic changes are not terrible. It gives the chance to mount facades of buildings in height to 100 m.
At building country maloetazhnogo dwellings the given system gives the chance to the owner of the house to warm and make independently it facade furnish. And cost of the warmed facade can be no more than 900 rbl. / sq. m that allows to lower working costs on heating of the dwelling.
The important circumstance which has crucial importance for facade warming - an effective heater. Today in the domestic market already exists modern high-quality teploizolyatsionnyiy a material - ekstruzionnyiy expanded polystyrene (EPPS). Advantages of this heater before others are caused by a combination of the unique properties optimal from the point of view of modern heating engineers. EPPS does not contain a moisture and does not absorb it, therefore its physicomechanical characteristics do not worsen in due course. EPPS it can be used for warming practically any part of a building.
Walls with application as thermal protection EPPS will supply a comfortable and cosy microclimate in premises. The temperature zero will always be in a heater that will exclude occurrence of a condensate or promerzanie. EPPS does not collapse, does not settle, does not serve as housing accommodation for rodents and, that is especially important, does not allocate substances harmful to an organism. The lowest operational factor of heat conductivity of a material allows to save considerably on a thickness of a protecting design (EPPS more effectively usual polyfoam almost in 2 times).
The first introduction in building practice of hinged system of facades has shown its perspectivity. Some cottages and houses in near Moscow suburbs have been revetted. Considering severe conditions of winter of this region, for a thermal protection of outside walls it has been applied minplita (a thickness from 5 to 15 sm). Besides, this system has been used for buildings in St.-Petersburg, Salekhard, Voronezh, Tolyatti, Ufa, Ulyanovsk, etc. country areas. It is actively introduced in the Eastern Siberia, in the Far East and in Yakutia.
For today, besides the practical experience received as a result of introduction of system "Marmorok", it is developed together with dwelling TSNIIEP by request of Moskomarhitekturyi production schedules on installation of this system, Recommendations about designing and application of designs «MARMOROK» for building and reconstruction of buildings in Moscow are manufactured «. The system at the stage of technical decisions is included by the decision of the Government of Moscow in« the Moscow territorial catalogue »(the Collection of 2001).
Considering the big importance and an urgency of hinged ventilated facades, there was a necessity for saturation of the domestic building market by items not only systems "Marmorok", but also other types of ventilated designs. In the near future the warm fur coats intended for warming of a building from low temperatures and cold winds, can receive many inhabited and industrial buildings both in a city, and in a countryside. Victor STRASHNOV Source: "the Building Season" #47 (2002)

It is introduced: on December, 25th, 2002

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