Sushit — and that’s all

Use of wood by the person is known from time immemorial. Many kinds of business are inconceivable without wood application in various forms, and to replace it, despite numerous attempts, it is impossible. Quality of saw-timbers is defined by features of wood from which they are cut, i.e. availability of knots, gniley, cracks, defects of the form of a trunk and a structure of wood, pitch pockets etc. But not only to it. Any joiner, mebelschik, the carpenter knows, that the item produced of not dried wood, becomes unfit for use for 2-4 yeas; the similar item from well dried material serves 20-40 and more years. We will recollect masters of ancient furniture, musical instruments — all of them were a good judge not only of wood, but also were able to dry it. In the course of drying there is an improvement practically all properties of wood:
  • Durability of wood raises and decreases it deformativnost;
  • Running characteristics — cleanliness of sawing up, strozhki, polishings, durability of pasting, furnish of covers (a paint, varnishes etc.) improve;
  • Heat conductivity, thermal capacity and elektroprovodnost wood decreases, warmth of combustion (raises at burning of a waste of wood);
  • With humidity fall the wood density decreases: it in 1,5-2,0 times becomes easier;
  • Firmness against fungoid defeats, colourings and decay raises.

Qualitative drying of wood in stoljarno-mechanical and furniture production prevents while in service deformations of details, especially in typical connections, and defects of paint and varnish covers.

Improvement prochnostnyih properties of wood begins with a characteristic point of humidity — 30 %, hygroscopicity named a limit. This law is shown in drawing.

Drying of saw-timbers conduct in sushilnyih chambers of periodic or continuous action (tunnels), thus technological process, beginning from formation sushilnogo stacks before cooling of the dried material, should be strictly regulated. For this purpose are used modern metal (aluminium) sushilnyie chambers of periodic action in which there are necessary conditions for high-efficiency and qualitative drying of saw-timbers — the Siberian pine and a larch. In these chambers sufficient thermal capacity, high-speed circulation of the agent of drying of air on saw-timbers, possibility of achievement of its high humidity (φ = 0,98-1,00), good tightness of protections are supplied. Without these conditions qualitative drying to execute it is impossible. But it it is far not enough. Quality of drying in bolshey degrees defines a drying mode, i.e. a condition of air which dry wood: its temperature, humidity, speed of movement on a material. Correct choice of a mode of drying — the lien of high quality dried pilomateriala

At our enterprise apply the modes constructed on the basis of the last achievements of a science and world productive practice. These modes supply vlagoteploobrabotku a material and its air-conditioning upon termination of process that allows to avoid outside and internal ruptures (cracks) and pokoroblennosti, inadmissible at qualitative drying. However the correct choice of a mode yet does not guarantee success, it is necessary to execute it precisely. Here automatics and the computer engineering to the aid comes. Functions of the operator are reduced to the control over process of drying, equipment work. Constant presence is not required.

The important question — to what final humidity to dry pilomaterial? Average final humidity is nominated depending on operating conditions of the items produced of saw-timbers, i.e. depending on average temperatures and relative humidity of air. So, just for decoration and the joiner’s items maintained in heated premises with temperature 20°S and relative humidity φ = 0,4-0,5 final humidity of saw-timbers should be no more than 7-8 %.

In heated premises with temperature t = 7-20°C and the raised humidity φ = 0,6-0,7 final humidity of saw-timbers should be within 10-12 %. At operation of items in outside conditions (on air) at t = 4-5°C and φ = 0,75-0,95 final humidity of saw-timbers should be 15 %. It is supposed to nominate concrete significances of average final humidity according to specifications to items from wood.

The raised humidity of wood in comparison with the required leads to their premature destruction.

The lowered humidity of wood (especially larches) worsens conditions of processing and quality of a surface of wood.

Unfortunately, the modern equipment for qualitative drying of saw-timbers costs nedeshevo. Open Company "Astrella" firm expends many efforts and means for the organisation of process of drying of saw-timbers at the highest level. The award for it are high quality of our production and a great demand from clients.
L.A.TETERIN, a Cand.Tech.Sci.,
The academic adviser Russian engineering academies (RIA) Source: «the Building season» #32 (2002)

It is introduced: on September, 04th, 2002

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