SHtukaturnyie works

Beginning apartment repair consider, what even in modern panel houses of a wall happen rough enough. Quite often concrete plates and panels have a wavy surface, and this sinuosity happens enough deep and consequently well appreciable. SHpaklevkoy it is possible to "introduce" only insignificant roughnesses (to 5 mm) if they exceed this limit, it is necessary to use a solution and to do small plaster works. Or, for example, if vertically established doors considerably support a plane of a wall because of its strong inclination, alsoit is necessary to "reduce" plaster similar ledges. For reduction of expenses by repair apartments (European-quality repair) (and plaster works are expensive enough) unessentially to plaster all walls having roughnesses. It is possible to be limited to those walls, roughnesses on which are well appreciable, or their small pieces. Them concern:

-Walls on which the slanting light falls, possessed under a right angle to a window plane. If they are not forced by furniture they are better for levelling;
-Places where will fasten a plinth, especially what should be in the public eye.

 Apply on the bottom part of walls where will fasten a plinth, equal brusok or level and if cracks between bruskom or level are great enough (more than 5 mm), that, doing apartment repair their (European-quality repair) is better to level plaster, and to plaster a solution it is possible only a small strip in height of 10-15 sm, and subsequently it is enough to "reduce" other roughnesses shpaklevkoy on is not present. That this small layer of a solution was reliably kept and in the future at face lifting has not fallen off a wall, it is necessary to prepare well its surface, having cleared from layers old shpaklevki and progruntovav glue PVA dissolved with water.

Other not evident defects frequently happens to smooth down enough shpaklevkoy to make their imperceptible.

Sometimes plaster works execute not a solution, and plaster. Thus it is necessary to mean, that the solution at plaster fastens on a wall (concrete or brick) not only mechanically, but also thanks to chemical reaction. Plaster has with a wall surface only mechanical connection. Therefore, if walls are exposed to vibrations, plaster from plaster can exfoliate from a wall and fall off. An example: if the door and a doorway part is transferred mortgaged by a brick. This brick wall, especially if it is laid out in a brick quarter (on an edge), because of door claps is exposed to vibration and if it is plastered by plaster in due course this plaster plaster exfoliates. Plaster plaster is better for using only on plaster walls and partitions.

Defects of plaster

The most widespread errors of plaster works, it will be more truly told, the most sad result of plaster works: otsloenie, rastreskivanie plasters and change of geometry of premises, because of a "thick" plaster coat. This "rake" a hit of each season it is repair-painting and decorating. We do not set as the purpose in so short material to tell about all problems and defects which arise at plaster works. At the same time we would like to pay your attention to the most typical defects and defects of plaster.

Let’s begin with requests of building norms and rules of plaster and modelled works at repair of apartments:

3.15. At oshtukaturivanii walls from a brick at an ambient temperature 23°S and above before solution drawing it is necessary to humidify a surface.

3.16. The improved and high-quality plaster should be executed on the beacons which thickness should be equal to a thickness of plaster cover without nakryivochnogo a layer.

3.17. At the system of single-layered covers their surface should be levelled at once after solution drawing, in case of application zatirochnyih cars - after it shvatyivaniya.

3.18. At the system of multilayered plaster cover each layer is necessary for putting after shvatyivaniya previous (nakryivochnyiy a layer - after shvatyivaniya a solution). Ground levelling should be executed prior to the beginning shvatyivaniya dissolve.

3.19. Sheets of plaster plaster than 400 mm, along vertical edges - a continuous strip are necessary to paste to a surface of brick walls the structures corresponding design, possessed in the form of marks, in the size 80h80 mm on the area not less than 10 % along a ceiling, a floor, corners of a vertical plane through 120-150 mm, in intervals between them on distance no more. Sheets to the wooden bases follows krepit nails with wide hats.

3.20. Installation of modelled items from plaster should be made after shvatyivaniya and dryings of the basis from plaster solutions. Architectural details on a facade it is necessary to assign mortgaged in a design of walls the armature previously protected from corrosion.

Specifications the Control (a method, volume, a registration kind)

Supposed thickness of single-layered plaster, mm: at application of all kinds of solutions, except plaster - to 20, from plaster solutions - to 15 Measuring, not less than 5 measurements on 70-100 m2 surfaces of cover or in one premise of the smaller area in the places revealed by continuous visual survey, the journal of works

Supposed thickness of each layer at the system of multilayered plasters without polymeric additives, mm: obryizga on stone, brick, concrete surfaces - to 5 obryizga on wooden surfaces (including a thickness drani) - to 9 grounds from cement mortals - to 5 grounds from limy, izvestkovo-plaster solutions - to 7 nakryivochnogo a layer of plaster cover - to 2 nakryivochnogo a layer of decorative furnish - to 7 Measuring, not less than 5 measurements on 70-100 m2 surfaces of cover or in one premise of the smaller area in the places revealed by continuous visual survey, the journal of works.

You do repair in the panel, monolithic or brick house in any case by means of the architect, the designer, the construction superintendent, the foreman or directly with masters it is necessary to measure, provesit surfaces: floors, walls, ceilings. Look schemes proveshivaniya walls and ceilings a plumb.

And only it their curvature, biases and differences will show it what.

These measurements will give the chance to count the cost of the chosen material.

And to define labour input, terms and cost of works.

Feature of plaster works also that they, in the end, also form geometry of a premise whether it be a room, kitchen, a bathroom or an office.

SHpaklyovka

SHpaklevkoy it is possible to "introduce" only insignificant roughnesses (to 5 mm). The thickness of a plaster coat can be and 5sm. And some big differences, probably, should be hidden under decorative designs or gypsum cardboard. Whether here at this stage it is necessary to work and carefully to make all gaugings and to weigh all corners under 90 are necessary to you or, not to reduce the area and not to increase cost of repair than that and to be acted? But it is necessary to consider, that the kept roughnesses are not evident only in the repair beginning. All biases, all curvature in a consequence it will be underlined by not joined wall-paper, cracks between a wall and a plinth, geometrically not an equal parquet, a bias over a case, crookedly standing furniture, etc. We ask the clients not to purchase and not to order furniture to proveshivaniya surfaces. Especially it concerns kitchens and bathrooms where even 1-2sm will not allow to insert a refrigerator, a case or will keep a crack.

And about defects: Infringement of technical rules and norms at preparation of solutions and production of plaster works is the reason of defects.

Cracks large and small at plaster works

Cracks large and small appear on plaster surfaces because, that apply or fat (with the big contents of knitting substances), or badly mixed solutions in which knitting materials or fillers accumulate places many. Cracks can appear and as a result fast drying of the put plaster under the influence of strong draughts or a heat. Cracks are formed also from drawing at one time a thick layer of slowly seizing solution or because a solution put though also thin layers, but on yet not seized previous layer of a solution. To avoid occurrence of cracks, it is necessary to dose out strictly knitting substances and fillers at preparation of a solution and carefully it to mix. The put plaster should be preserved against extremely fast drying, draughts, closing in the plastered premises of a window and a door.

Definitely directed cracks are formed on brick surfaces on laying seams. On brick walls of a crack appear as a result of drawing of very thin layers of a plaster solution without preliminary wetting of surfaces by water. The reason of formation of cracks can be and the alkalis allocated from seams of a laying. Otlupyi and vspuchivaniya at plaster works

Otlupyi and vspuchivaniya plasters occur at oshtukaturivanii crude surfaces or at constant humidifying of the plastered surfaces. More often it happens on limy and izvestkovo-plaster plasters. In avoidance otlupov and vspuchivaniya plasters are necessary for drying crude places and only after that to plaster.

Otslaivanie plasters it is caused by that the solution has been put on excessively dry surface or on the dried up layers before the put solution. Otslaivanie can occur also because the subsequent layers of a solution have been put on weaker previous, for example, on a limy solution stronger is put - cement. Plaster exfoliates also if on the concrete basis or cement plaster the limy or izvestkovo-plaster solution without transitive layers is put.

Colour and decorative nakryivochnyie layers exfoliate when them put on very strong or, on the contrary, very weak gruntyi when nakryivochnyiy the layer is much stronger and more dense than the ground or they cover gruntyi with insufficiently rough surface.

Cracks in luzgah at plaster works

Cracks in luzgah appear because corners of walls or a place of joints of the diverse surfaces produced of different materials, have not been prepared enough or because the solution has been put on the overdried wooden surfaces. Cracks appear and in the event that plastered designs have been fixed unsteadily. Corners and joints of diverse surfaces before oshtukaturivaniem should be closed grid strips, and the wooden overdried walls, partitions, it is necessary to moisten ceilings with water well. Such defect as insufficient durability, basically arises if in a solution there was an insufficient quantity of knitting substance or sand is hardly polluted. Insufficiently strong plaster find out postukivaniem. Having found out this defect, it is necessary to beat off fragile plaster from a surface and anew to plaster its stronger solution.

We hope, that knowledge of requests of building norms and rules and the reasons of possible defects of plaster which we have presented you though and in very reduced material, will allow to avoid all the same at least obvious, but very annoying defects at plaster of the walls and ceilings.
Source: http://www.otdelkin.ru