SHagom… The March!

Look around - ladders at your entrance, ladders in your two-storeyed apartment: It is all the same most widespread type of the ladders, named <Mid-flight>. Mid-flight because steps are called as ladder marches. In the most simple case mid-flight are the direct ladders consisting of one flight. More often usual mid-flight ladders are done with a rotary platform. Turn is in most cases executed on a corner 90 ° or 180 °, but the system of turn and on any intermediate corner if it is required by architecture of a ladder aperture is possibl. Classical definition sounds thus: mid-flight ladders are the ladders consisting of one or several direct plots, connected by rotary platforms or a turn with a fan arrangement of steps.

Than well fan arrangement of steps?

Their such arrangement allows simultaneously and suit a turn and on this turn simultaneously to gain lifting height. That is, if the rotary platform is as though one step at fan turn at-sight platforms it is possible to arrange some steps. Besides, the turn with a fan arrangement of steps gives the chance to make the basic marches more flat. In some cases it gives the chance to enter a ladder in such aperture in which the ladder with direct platforms simply is not entered. In general, such ladders are good there where it is necessary to save a place, but all the same there is a possibility to establish not screw, but a ladder with direct marches.

As basis of a mid-flight ladder the integral metal beam - kosour more often serves. Bearing beams there can be one - at the system of narrow ladders or two - at the system of wider. Kosour a narrow ladder can be produced not only from a direct unary beam, but also it is collected from the separate elements welded among themselves. It is possible to see an example of such ladder on a photo at the left. Such ladder unusually enough and very gracefully looks.

Besides, application type-setting welded kosoura gives the chance to produce a ladder of unusual geometry. Also one more type of ladders - console not less effectively looks. One end of a step of such ladders is closed up in a wall, and the second as though is groundless. The wall in which steps are fixed, should be capital. Steps of such ladders are produced of thicker material (not less than 60 mm). Accordingly such ladders are the most expensive.

The following type of ladders - spine.

They consist of the separate elements connected with one another by a consecutive insert of one element in other. On appearance such ladder reminds described above a ladder on difficult welded kosoure. Difference consists that ladder elements do not cook with one another, and simply keep one other at the expense of their most design. Such design has one essential advantage - each element can be turned it concerning other. As a result it is possible to receive a ladder not simply reminding screw, and curtailed on a spiral, or reminding snake, repeating geometry of a curvilinear wall, etc. Such ladder costs almost in one and a half time more expensively, than a ladder on central kosoure, though its same essence.

Application.

More often apply a usual two-mid-flight ladder. It, within each floor, has one intermediate platform and two, as a rule, an identical march. Three-mid-flight in the plan (top view) it is similar to letter Z. At it - two intermediate platforms (usually square form) and three marches - bottom and top equal length, and average short. A special kind - raspashnaya a ladder. It has one intermediate platform and three marches: one bottom and two top which disperse (swing open) in the left and right parties. Such ladders are very beautiful, but require the big areas. As a rule, as them use as front doors.

The helpful information.

The average line of a march is an imagined line which passes in rectilinear marches on the middle of width of a march, and in curvilinear ladders - on distance of 40-50 sm from flight edge, for spiral staircases - on an axis of the central support.

Appear steps of a curvilinear march have on turns klinovidnuyu the form, and the narrow party appear should be not less than 140 see

Being lifted on a curvilinear ladder, the person deviates the central line more often. To exclude such inconveniences, a ladder design with the dispersed steps with constant change of their width on all length of a march.

The width of a ladder march - is defined by throughput of a ladder, i.e. quantity the person, passing on a march in unit of time.

0,6-0,7 m. there are enough for pass of one person Width of intraroom ladder marches there should be not less than 0,9-1,0 m, and in houses of the raised comfort - 1,25-1,5 m. In garden small houses are supposed width of a march of 0,7-0,8 m. Relative size of lifting of a march - for definition of the size of a ladder it is necessary to establish its place on the plan and floor height, to choose the scheme of a ladder and the sizes of steps. As a rule, the corner of lifting of a ladder march makes from 30 to 45 degrees. Convenience of operation of a ladder and the warranty of safety connected with it depend mainly on relative size of lifting of a march (a lifting corner). The corner of lifting of a march can be established, knowing a ladder site in the plan and premise height.

By practice it is established, that convenient and safe the ladder will be, if the doubled height podstupenka, combined with width of a step (prostupyu), is equaled to an average step of the person. The length of a step of the person on a plane makes about 62-64 sm, convenient lifting of a foot 30-32 see Proceeding from it, prostup is defined: 2A + In = 64 or And + In = 47 sm where And - step height, In - width appear.

Are most convenient for lifting of a ladder with height of a step from 140 to 170 mm and in the width appear from 340 to 370 mm.

The step height should be no more than 200 mm and not less 120 mm. The edge steps (ledge) should be an order of 20-40 mm. The above the step, the already should be prostup and on the contrary. However the width of a step should be equal to its height, at least.

Stamp on health, meaning this information.

Source: http://www.idh.ru