Samohodnyie shtabeleryi
Recently in Russia the increasing demand use self-propelled shtabeleryi. Largely it is promoted by certain level of technologies and a standard of work which have introduced the large western companies working in our country. The most simple shtabeleryi about which speech in the article will go, are conducted, i.e. Cope the operator going after the system, and are equipped with the rotary handle (dyishlom). At them higher load-carrying capacity, than at hyraulic shtabelerov and shtabelerov with electrolifting, – usually to 1,6 t and bo’lshaya lifting height – 4,5… 6 m. Thanks to availability of the electric drive of movement on them transport consignments on significant distances without any special physical efforts from the operator. Usually designs of this type use in premises with narrow passes or there where load on a floor is limited, and use of heavier warehouse engineering or classical vilochnyih loaders is excluded. In comparison with vilochnyimi loaders conducted shtabeleram the same dignities, as to not self-propelled models (see «SiT», # 2, 2003) are inherent: they are cheaper and manevrenney (the turn radius usually does not exceed 1,5… 1,6, it is easy to deliver them to a place of realisation of loadings, for example, in a car body. The big advantage of these cars and that at the circulation with them special preparation and the certificate on the management right is not required to the operator. Maintenance service, repair, and also operation of storage batteries also does not require special skills. At the same time shtabeleryi because of features of a design it is impossible to use on service of significant goods traffics and for them equal floors are necessary.
Self-propelled shtabeleryi have well proved at processing tovaropotokov average capacity (100… 150 palet in change) in case of use of racks in height 5,5… 6,0 m. Speed of their movement with the consignment usually do not exceed speed of the pedestrian – 3… 5 km/h, speed of movement without the consignment – to 6 km/h. Both lifting of loads, and car movement is carried out by means of electric motors (privodnoy the engine is executed, as a rule, in category S3 – «duty cycle»), eating from the lead-acid traction storage battery which one gymnastics suffice on 8 ch continuous work. Big, than on not self-propelled shtabelerah, capacity of the battery leads to substantial growth of its own weight. So, the accumulator which weighs 400… 500 kg, it is impossible to replace manually, therefore on the best models the special system which can represent built in in shtabeler system of rollers is provided or to be delivered in addition, as an option. For shtabelerov, constantly working in a two-three-replaceable mode, – carts more convenient external systems are developed for change of batteries.
The chassis shtabelera represents the stable welded design consisting from two shvellernyih of profiles from a high-quality steel and consoles to which running wheels are attached. The lifting system consists of the electric motor of the hydraulic unit, zaryadnogo systems (if it built in), the indicator of capacity, the storage battery, plug connection. Consignment Lifting-lowering is carried out by means of the hydrounit and the hydrocylinder, thus freight elevator movement is directed by special rollers. On some models speed of lowering twisted with the purposes of increase of safety of work with the consignments requiring the delicate and cautious circulation (glass, porcelain), it is possible to change. The system handle is possessed on the centre or displaced. That with shtabelerom it was possible to work in the winter and under a rain and also that the handle slid less, it often cover with a layer of special plastic.
Ergonomics improvement shtabelerov first of all receive, reducing their overall dimensions for the purpose of manoeuvrability increase, giving to the case the streamline form (without sharp corners), and mast designs – bo’lshuyu "transparency", and also rationally and as much as possible conveniently possessing the button on a control lever. The optimal is placing of all basic operating functions – changes of speed of movement of the car, lifting of loads and emergency ostanova cars – on the rotary handle. Such decision recognises as the optimal all manufacturers of this engineering as it allows to carry out the majority of manipulations with the consignment by means of only big fingers of hands.
Practically all shtabeleryi, manufactured by the best world manufacturers the last years, equip with so-called system rekuperatsii energy (return) at system braking. It allows to increase not only battery service life, but also intervals between additional charge. Not so long ago there were messages on creation of models conducted shtabelerov with the asynchronous engine of an alternating current.
Main distinctive line of everyone shtabelera is its design feature – in front shtabeler always leans on two basic consoles supplied with wheels or, less often, wheel blocks. Mobile vilyi, moving the pallet on a vertical, in the lowered condition usually are imposed on a motionless part – basic. Some models shtabelerov (for example, LST firms VT) have the carried support with adjustable width of the elevating twisted for work with different pallets. Exist shtabeleryi with function of so-called initial lifting of basic consoles (as at the hydraulic cart). Height of lifting of the top twisted such systems small, and on them it is possible to transport simultaneously at once two pallets. Besides, initial lifting supplies bo’lshiy a gleam and facilitates moving through thresholds and obstacles, movement on inclined stages.
The freight elevator shtabelera is executed in the form of a frame more often. There are different types of masts-frames – mono, a duplex and triplex: they are adapted for fulfilment of a different sort of problems, such as loading, lifting to different height, etc. In need of lifting of easy consignments on small height single-masted designs (for example, model shtabelera MAXI PPH by load-carrying capacity of the Swedish firm VT of 800 kg, intended specially for motor transport unloading are used also. There are models and with sliding vilami which width can be regulated. Such shtabeleryi can operate with pallets of any standard sizes and with a continuous bottom. The model from the chassis of the big width allows to place europallets in width of 800 mm between console support.
For increase in speed of movement and decrease in weariness of the operator some models equip with the special platform which sometimes is leaning back on which the operator if necessary can go. It is not recommended to make, however, in order to avoid falling manoeuvres (turns) by such cars, standing on the platform, at movement. Service speed of these models usually above also makes 6… 10 km/h that reduces an operating time by carriages by the big distances and are increased by labour efficiency. That the operator has not fallen from a platform on turn, models in addition complete, as a rule, with protective protections of various type.
The big attention is given to safety issues of work with these systems. Them design so that the operator working with shtabelerom in a mode of manual support, under any conditions has been reliably protected by the case of the car from hit under its wheels. This moment is especially important at realisation of warehouse works in the conditions of the limited shunting. Many manufacturers, for example German concern Linde, supply the rotary handle with the special returnable mechanism that, in that case if the cart will run away, its rotary handle independently passed in vertical position under the influence of a spring, and the car thus stayed. In addition on the same handle of management the special button of safety which supplies car recoil at its casual arrival on the operator is provided.
Range self-propelled shtabelerov much more, than not self-propelled, and within the limits of this publication we will consider far not all models. In Russia self-propelled models do not make. The cheap shtabeleryi are manufactured by manufacturers of Bulgaria, Czechia, Korea and Italy. The price completely electrified shtabelerov in the Russian market fluctuates from $5,5 thousand for the most simple and cheap designs to $20… 25 thousand for specially equipped shtabeleryi known manufacturers with the big height of lifting that is already comparable with cost of face-to-face loaders. Good self-propelled elektroshtabeler with the "pedestrian" management of the West European production there are $9… 13 thousand, depending on lifting and load-carrying capacity height.
Traditionally, since times of Advice of economic mutual aid, for Soviet Union Bulgaria attended to production of the hoisting-and-transport equipment. Therefore in postreorganization years the first in the Russian market have appeared Bulgarian shtabeleryi. Because of rather low price ($5,5… 7,0 thousand) and, as a whole, concerning quite good quality they have received at us enough wide circulation. Now in Russia models of Bulgarian firms "Tekstilmash", Veni, Balkancar are most popular.
«Tekstilmash» makes two models load-carrying capacity 1,0 t, with height of lifting Each model has 1,6 and 2,8 m. two speeds of movement – 1 and 4 km/h, a food – from two storage batteries. Lifting time twisted with the consignment makes 14 with, lowering time twisted without the consignment – 23 with. SHtabeleryi are equipped by the indicator of a discharge of the battery and built in zaryadnyim the system.
EVE’S model of 222.33 marks Balkancar (sellers – «Kartreyd», «Balkankar the Ministry of Taxes and Tax Collection») is equipped by horizontally possessed traction engine capacity of 1,2 kw and a mechanical drive of a stopping brake kolodochnogo the type influencing directly on an axis of the traction electric motor. The handle is supplied two-level komandokontrollerom and at control lever clearing takes vertical position. The kinematic scheme of a control lever supplies automatic switching-off of a brake at vertical and horizontal position of the handle. Automatic blocking carries out an engine backspacing at arrival on the driver or at control lever issue. The impellent and operated column turns on 90 °, supplying minimum radius of a turn. Adjustment of the electric scheme of management is supplied with pulse system Curtis (USA). SHtabeler can be equipped built in zaryadnyim by the system firms Zapi (Italy). The freight elevator is equipped plunzhernyimi by hydraulic cylinders which are put in action by the electric motor capacity of 2,8 kw, connected to the gear hydraulic pump.
EVE’S elevating systems 222.33 – two-frame, produced from shvellernyih and dvutavrovyih profiles of the special alloyed steel. Frames and the vertical cart in the movement at lifting-lowering is directed by rollers on needle bearings. Lateral loads accept noncontrollable basic rollers which allows to make easily backlash adjustment between frames and the vertical cart. Special automatic blocking excludes errors at switching of speeds, protects the traction electric motor and the battery from current blows, supplies smooth transition from the starting characteristic on the economical worker. All electric motors and electric devices are protected by safety locks.
Models Veni (the seller – "Stella-technician", Moscow, etc.) differ bolshey load-carrying capacity and in lifting height, they use in Russia the greatest popularity from shtabelerov the Bulgarian production. The most responsible knots in them – the western production. Models also are completed by pulse regulators.
Under recalls of experts, have absolutely not bad proved also Czech elektroshtabeleryi marks Belet (the seller – firm "TFN", Moscow). Their quality and the price above, than at the Bulgarian items, merits and demerits about the same, but a control system of dump twisted easier and more reliably. Unlike the Bulgarian manufacturers firm Belet manufactures also models with the big height of lifting (to 5,8) which price, however, high enough and comes nearer to cost of the European loader (about $23,5 thousand).
Very interesting models shtabelerov SWC1000L (without basic consoles) and SWC1300R (with the truncated consoles and a sliding mast) are offered by company Soosung (South Korea) (the seller – firm "Gortorgsnab", Moscow). Unlike standard self-propelled elektroshtabelerov, they more maneuverable at the expense of smaller radius of turn, the mast inclination is regulated within 10 %, the road clearance is increased to 20 sm, that essentially expands use possibilities, especially in the conditions of domestic warehouses. Absence of lobbies basic twisted allows to approach closely on unloaded object (for example, to a lateral board of the car). Except a low price it is necessary to carry big reliability and good performance of knot of fastening of the basic to the basic dignities of the Korean items twisted to a vertical bed.