Rules and norms of technical operation of available housing (the Part VII)

IV. Maintenance service and repair of building designs

4.2.3. Furnish of facades

4.2.3.1. Local destructions of facing, plaster, impressive and painting layers, cracks in plaster, vyikrashivanie a solution from seams of facing, brick and melkoblochnoy layings, destruction germetiziruyuschih zadelok joints of prefabrication buildings, damage or wear of metal covers on acting parts of walls, destruction of drainpipes, wet and rusty stains, begin to flow and vyisolyi, the general pollution f a surface, destruction of parapets etc. should be eliminated in process of revealing, not supposing their further development. (Eaves, balconies, belts, arms, sockets, draughts, etc.) it is necessary to eliminate destruction and damage of a finishing layer, easing of fastening of walls of architectural details acting from a plane at overhaul under the project.

4.2.3.2. With occurrence on facades of buildings otsloeniy and destructions of facing layers it is necessary:
  • Facing tiles and the architectural details which have lost touch with a wall, immediately to remove;
  • Exfoliating from a surface of a wall plaster to beat off at once after detection otsloeniya;
  • The damaged places on a facade to restore with replacement of all defective architectural details or their restoration.

    4.2.3.3. The surface of not plastered walls with the disappeared laying, as a rule, should revet with tiles or to plaster a cement or difficult solution after preliminary clearing of a surface from the material which has lost durability.

    4.2.3.4. Povrezhdennyyu the socle surface should be plastered a cement-sandy solution with introduction gidrofobiziruyuschey additives (for example, GKZH-10, GKZH-11) or to revet.

    From legkobetonnyih panels with the damaged impressive layer or having a small thickness, and also brick socles with the destroyed plaster and a laying, as a rule, it is necessary to revet socles with tiles from a natural stone, concrete plates, ceramic tiles, other moisture resistant and cold-resistant materials as agreed when due hereunder.

    4.2.3.5. Impressive layers of blocks and panels or plaster with shrinkable small cracks are necessary for protecting from destruction zatirkoy liquid polimertsementnyim a solution with colouring.

    Stabilised wide cracks should be closed up a material similar to a material of walls or polimertsementnyim by a solution.

    4.2.3.6. The ferruterous inclusions which are available within the precincts of facades prefabrication at home, should be removed, and rusty surfaces are smoothed out and painted. The bowls formed thus, skolyi, it is necessary to close up deepenings polimertsementnyim a solution zapodlitso with a surface of items.

    4.2.3.7. Separate plots of panels and the blocks, executed from easy concrete and not having an outside impressive layer, it is necessary to jam a cement mortal.

    4.2.3.8. Plots stenovyih panels with the bared armature should be plastered a cement-sandy solution. The separate cores of armature acting from a plane of panels, it is necessary to deepen in a design, previously having cut down under them a solution. Furnish is necessary for restoring according to the existing.

    4.2.3.9. Facades of buildings should be cleared and washed out in the terms established depending on a material, a condition of surfaces of buildings (pollution degree, availability having pricked out, cover destruction) and operating conditions.

    4.2.3.10. To clear surfaces of plasters and facings from soft stone breeds, and also architectural details peskostruynyim the method does not suppose.

    Surfaces of brick walls and the walls revetted with ceramic tiles (stones) or plastered by a cement mortal, it is supposed to clear gidropeskostruynyim in the method.

    4.2.3.11. The facades revetted with pottery, after clearing it is necessary to process waterproof or other special solutions.

    For clearing of a surface of the facades finished glazurovannoy by a ceramic tile, it is necessary to apply special structures.

    Works on clearing of facades are executed, as a rule, by the specialised organisations.

    4.2.3.12. Facades of the wooden not plastered buildings (rublenyih, bruschatyih and sborno-panel board) with a covering and without a covering should be painted periodically paropronitsaemyimi by paints or structures for strengthening pozharobezopasnosti and protection against a fungus and rotting.

    4.2.3.13. Colouring of facades of buildings should be made according to kolernomu to the passport issued when due hereunder in which instructions on application of a material are resulted, method of furnish and colour of a facade and architectural details. The painted surfaces of facades should be equal, without blots, stains and the damaged places.

    4.2.3.14. Colouring of facades is necessary for making after the termination of repair of walls, parapets, the chimneys, acting details and architectural stucco mouldings, input devices (kryilets, door peaks), roofs, linear okryitiy eaves (corbels), sandrikov, window sills, etc. and drainpipes. Poorly kept old paint should be removed.

    4.2.3.15. Okryitiya windows, corbels should be executed from the zinced steel or ceramic tiles with zadelkoy edges in walls or a facing layer.

    4.2.3.16. Water taking away systems of outside walls should have necessary biases from walls and supply unobstructed tap from them atmospheric waters.

    4.2.3.17. Steel details of fastening (arms of fire ladders, flagoderzhateli, uhvatyi drainpipes, etc.) it is necessary to possess with a bias from walls. On the details having a bias to a wall, it is necessary to establish skintight cuffs to them from the zinced steel on distance of 5-10 sm from a wall. All steel elements fixed to a wall are necessary for painting, protecting from corrosion regularly.

    Colouring of metal ladders, flagoderzhateley, elements of fastenings of extensions of the electric system, protections of roofs and lattices of ventilating apertures of panels should be made by oil paints according to kolernyim the house passport, as a rule, every 5-6 years depending on operating conditions.

    4.2.4. Balconies, peaks, loggias and bay windows

    4.2.4.1. Workers of the organisations on available housing service are obliged to check regularly correctness of use of balconies, bay windows and loggias, not to suppose placing in them of bulky and heavy things, them zahlamleniya and pollution. It is necessary to explain regularly to employers, leasers and proprietors of premises and responsible for municipal apartment of the rule of the contents of balconies, bay windows and loggias.

    4.2.4.2. At detection of signs of damage of bearing designs of balconies, loggias, peaks and bay windows workers of the organisations on available housing service should take urgent measures on maintenance of safety of people and the prevention of the further development of deformations.

    For the purpose of prevention of destruction of edges of balcony (loggia) of a plate or cracks between balcony (loggia) a plate and walls because of hit of an atmospheric moisture metal having merged it should be established in a box groove, its width should be not less than 1,5 thickness of a plate and it should be got under a waterproofing course.

    The bias of balcony (loggia) of a plate should be not less than 3 % from walls of a building with the water drainage organisation a metal apron or zazheleznennoy a plate with kapelnikom with carrying out not less than 3-5 sm, in an end face of plums should be closed up in a panel body.

    In case of an emergency condition of balconies, loggias and bay windows it is necessary to close and seal up inputs on them, to conduct security works and to take measures on their restoration. Works on repair should be executed under the project.

    4.2.4.3. Absence or wrong fulfilment of interfaces slivov and a waterproofing course with designs, begin to flow on the top surface of balcony plates, easing of fastening and damage a protection of a balcony and loggias should be eliminated in process of revealing, not supposing their further development.

    Destruction of console beams and plates, skalyivanie basic platforms under consoles, otsloeniya, and a return bias (to a building) a floor of balconies and loggias it is necessary to eliminate destructions at overhaul under the project.

    4.2.4.4. In obetonirovannyih (plastered) steel beams it is necessary to check durability of coupling of concrete (solution) with metal. Exfoliating concrete or a solution should be removed. The protective layer should be restored.

    4.2.4.5. Metal protections, plums from a black steel, flower boxes should be painted periodically atmosferoustoychivyimi by paints. Colour of a paint should correspond indicated in kolernom the facade passport.

    4.2.4.6. The arrangement, the form and fastening of flower boxes should correspond to the accepted project and the architectural decision of a building.

    Flower boxes should be established on pallets, with a backlash from a wall not less than 50 mm; if the project does not provide special outside fastenings, boxes should be established from the interior of protections of balconies (loggias).

    4.2.4.7. For prevention of leakings and promerzaniy in places of interface of walls and fillings of window (balcony) apertures on perimetre of window (balcony) boxes there should be a hermetic sealing and warming (felt, a tow, foam rubber, etc.) with obzhatiem on 30-50 %.

    4.2.4.8. For the purpose of economy of fuel and improvement temperaturno-vlazhnostnogo a mode of premises window (balcony) apertures should be equipped with condensing linings, it is better from penopoliuretana (foam rubber) which are subject to replacement not less often than 1 time in 5 years.

    4.2.4.9. For prevention of hit of an atmospheric moisture through windows in bottom bruske boxes there should be 2 grooves for water drainage in width of 10 mm on distance of 50-100 mm from edge. Cuts should be cleared and have a bias outside. Colouring of windows is made 1 time in 5 years. Glasses are put on a double layer of putty and fasten shtapikami. Fastening of window and door boxes is carried out by ruffs and screws in antiseptirovannyie wooden stoppers.

    Warming of balcony panels is made by installation antiseptirovannogo a hardboard or mineral felt or other effective material between outside and internal cloths. It is not supposed:

    Within the precincts of large-panel and krupnoblochnyih buildings to expand and punch apertures, and also krepit to panels of outside walls tram, trolleybus and other delays.

    Use of balconies, bay windows and loggias not as required, placing on them of bulky and heavy things, them zahlamlenie and pollution.

    Autocratic installation of peaks, bay windows, balconies, loggias and building of interbalcony space.

    4.3. Overlappings

    4.3.1. The organisation on available housing service should supply:
  • Stability, teploustoychivost, absence of deflections and fluctuations, cracks;
  • Serviceable condition of overlappings;
  • Sound insulation;
  • Removal of damages of overlappings, not supposing their further development;
  • Restoration teplotehnicheskih (overlappings garret, over cellars), acoustic, vodoizolyatsionnyih (overlappings in lavatories) properties of overlappings, and also teplogidroizolyatsiyu adjunctions of outside walls, sanitary-engineering systems and other elements.
    4.3.2. Local otsloeniya plasters and cracks should be eliminated in process of their detection, not supposing their further development.

    At occurrence above permitted standard (more than 1/400 flights) deflections of bearing elements, the unsteadiness, the raised sound transmission, cracks in an average part across working flight of a plate in width more than 0,3 mm, promerzaniy, overcoolings and uvlazhneniy garret overlappings, defeats by wood house fungi and derevorazrushayuschimi insects it is necessary to cause the expert and to eliminate at overhaul under the project.

    4.3.3. Strengthening of overlappings, removal of deflections of overlappings above permitted standard, removal of displacement of bearing designs from walls or runs in the brick arches or loss of separate bricks (insufficient depth opiraniya elements), cracks and other deformations reducing bearing ability and stability of overlapping, should be made under the project. At detection of the indicated deformations of overlappings urgent measures on maintenance of safety of people and the prevention of the further development of deformations should be taken.

    4.3.4. Overcooled overlappings should be warmed as follows:
  • Garret overlappings: to finish a layer of a thermal protection to the settlement; on an attic along outside walls on a strip in width of 0,7-1 m there should be an additional layer of a heater or skos from teploizolyatsionnogo a material under a corner 45 hailstones.; warming of overcooled zones of overlapping with a warm attic (under ventshahtami, etc.) should be carried out on account;
  • Interfloor overlappings: to strengthen a thermal protection in places of their adjunction to outside walls (after floor opening); a thermal protection on end faces of panels and runs; to plaster internal surfaces of brick walls within underground space; to condense butt connections of panel walls and to make skosyi of a warming material in width of 25-30 sm;
  • Overlappings over prodrivings and undergrounds: to warm in zones of an arrangement of source doors in an entrance and ventilating prospirits of socle walls; thus to increase a thickness of a thermal protection by 15-20 % on the project.

    4.3.5. Garret overlappings with a slag heat-insulation layer, keramzitovogo gravel, etc. should have wooden running bridges, and on a warming layer – an izvestkovo-sandy coupler (crust). In buildings raised etazhnosti it is necessary to make at repair careful consolidation of butt connections between panels in places of interface to adjacent designs.

    4.3.6. Overlappings over the built in boiler-houses, laundries, uglehranilischami, shops and industrial premises should be tight. Occurrence of the raised humidity, a gassed condition and specific smells in the premises possessed over transferred premises is not supposed.

    4.3.7. Thinnesses round pipelines of heating and the hot water supply, passing through overlappings, should be closed up an asbestine cord or a fibre with preliminary installation of a sleeve.

    [A part I] [the Part II] [the Part III] [the Part IV] [the Part V] [the Part VI] [the Part VII] [the Part VIII] [the Part IX] [the Part X] [the Part XI] [the Part XII] [the Part XIII] [the Part XIV] [the Part XV] [the Part XVI] [the Part XVII] [the Part XVIII] Source: the Newspaper "Building" #47 (2004) heading “Stroyinform”

    It is introduced: on December, 28th, 2004

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