Reshaem a waterproofing problem

In building heat-shielding and noise isolation problems always were traditionally priority. The energy crisis of 70th years in Germany has led to system engineering teploizoliruyuschih windows as one of directions energosberegayuschih technologies. An innovation consequence was essential increase of humidity in premises. High humidity there — the reason of occurrence of mustiness, reproduction of colonies of a fungoid mould. It is dangerous, actually, not the mould, and millions dispute which occupy air and get to respiratory ways nd blood circulation system. Children especially sharply react to it, older persons with the weakened immunity and the people inclined to allergic diseases — to diseases of respiratory ways, including bronholegochnyim, a skin and oporno-impellent system.

Aggressive effect of water on structures from a brick and concrete — for a long time an established fact for these materials have capillary-porous structure. Getting into structures from below soil water contains impurity of salts: chlorides, sulphates and hydrocarbonates. Crystallising and gidratiruyas in a time, salts increase in volume that conducts as a result to destruktsii a material of bearing elements, otsloeniyu plasters and paints, promotes deformation of finishing covers, korobleniyu wall-paper etc.

Subsoil waters, migrating on capillaries of walls, can wash away water-soluble salts from materials, destroying, for example, kladochnyiy a solution or the brick weight containing chlorides and sulphates, at level of initial raw materials. Result — the further branching of a capillary-porous network and premature destruction of designs.

The significant number of buildings in Russia suffers problems of a zero cycle where defect of attention or a nonprofessional choice of materials and technologies lead to occurrence in premises of the raised humidity that creates an immediate threat both for health, and for integrity of a structure.

Water gets and from above, in the form of an atmospheric precipitation. Such effect besides the mechanical destructions connected with processes of freezing-defrosting, has also chemical consequences. Strictly speaking, rain water — a solution. Rain streams seize from atmosphere a considerable quantity of gaseous industrial emissions, such, as oksidyi carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and phosphorus, ammonia, chlorine and chloride hydrogen. Being dissolved partially in water, they transform a rain into an acid solution, razrushayusche acting on concrete, marble, a silicate brick and other materials. The quantity of a time, capillaries and the microcracks, being aggressions all by new centres thus increases, and degree of destruction of a material essentially increases. Besides, the contents in air acid oksidov sulphur and nitrogen, and also chloride hydrogen is capable to cause displacement of such ecological parametre of atmosphere, as uglekislotnoe balance. Thus the contents in air of the free carbonic acid named in that case "aggressive" raises essentially. Aggressive carbon dioxide is in relation to mineral construction materials (to exhaust, to marble and concrete), transforming insoluble kaltsit SaSO3 in a water-soluble hydrocarbonate of calcium Sa (NSO3) 2:

SaSO3 + SO2 + N2O = Sa (NSO3) 2.

As a result under the influence of a rain there is a gradual washing away of soluble salt.

All aforesaid leads to necessity of a choice of the effective protective measures supplying durability of service and reliability of operation of concrete and brick structures.

The problem of protection of a material from water and moisture effect is decided by various methods of a waterproofing and gidrofobizatsii (water pushing away).

GETTING WATERPROOFING

The idea of a getting waterproofing (penetrirovaniya) was born in Denmark in the early fifties the last century, and firm VANDEX had been received the first material with the same name. Subsequently on the basis of this working out have appeared penetriruyuschie systems under names XYPEX (the USA, Canada), THORO, PENETRON (USA), DRIZORO (Italy), etc. Later the Russian researches in which result on the market there were materials AKVATRON, KALMATRON, the CORAL etc. have begun

The mechanism of a getting waterproofing tsementsoderzhaschih materials is reduced to chemical reaction of active reagents (penetratov) with free izvestyu (gidroksidom calcium) and capillary water in concrete. Result of reaction is formation of almost insoluble products, kalmatiruyuschih capillary-porous structure of concrete. Linkage of ions of calcium conducts to displacement of chemical balance in system, there is a migration of ions of calcium from a cement stone. Calcium ions react with active additives penetratov, forming to concrete surfaces vyisolyi carbonates and calcium hydrosilicates. Thus it is essentially important to save necessary schelochnost a concrete mix.

Careful selection both qualitative, and quantitative structure of active chemical additives in penetriruyuschih materials is necessary, as distinguishes them on a number of properties.

Along with the above-named materials of production of the USA, Canada, Switzerland and Italy, presented and in the Russian market, the wide circulation in Europe and the USA was received penetriruyuschiy by material AQUAFIN-IC (Germany). Optimum picked up structure of active additives, a cheap source of raw materials have allowed to receive a mineral waterproofing material of getting action. Saving the general principles of action penetratov, AQUAFIN-IC has a number of advantages. It is a fast set of durability, optimum schelochnost a concrete mix and practical absence vyisolov on a material surface. Low the cost (1,5 kg/m І) and a price level create favorable economic preconditions for application of the given material first of all in the field of drinking and economic water supply. Advantage is at that, that possible mechanical damages of a surface (a scratch, skolyi, etc.) do not infringe waterproofing properties of a material as a whole.

It is necessary to note however three essential moments, constraining application of a getting waterproofing:
  • The size of capillary cracks exceeds 0,3 mm;
  • The protected surface is subject to action of dynamic loads;
  • The surface is executed from a brick (stone).

In these cases it makes sense to apply obmazochnyie waterproofing systems, including the elastic.

OBMAZOCHNAYA THE WATERPROOFING

At a choice of superficial waterproofing systems on the foreground following demands are made:
  • Water resistance on a clip (pools, tanks);
  • Water resistance on a separation (cellars, zaglublennyie premises, pools and tanks);
  • paropronitsaemost;
  • treschinostoykost at dynamic loads;
  • Adhesive durability;
  • Adaptability to manufacture and simplicity of processing;
  • Durability and reliability;
  • Possibility of processing of a damp surface.

Waterproofing obmazochnyie systems AQUAFIN-1K and AQUAFIN-2K (Germany) have the properties, allowing to use the given materials for the decision of a wide spectrum vlago - and water protective building problems.

AQUAFIN-1K (Unicomponent) represents a dry mix from special cement, quartz sand and additives (a sack — 25 kg). At mixing with water the pastelike weight which is put on a protected surface by a rigid brush (smoothing down — the platen) is received. After otverzhdeniya the rigid hydroisolating layer is formed. Perceives mechanical loads approximately in a day, constant water load is supposed in 7 days.

It is widely applied to a waterproofing of the concrete, plastered surfaces, a brick and stone laying in land and underground structures, and also in hydrostructures.

If on a surface of a protected design owing to the dynamic reasons probably occurrence of cracks it is necessary to take advantage of elastic waterproofing AQUAFIN-2K (two-componental).

Except a sack of 25 kg already mentioned AQUAFIN-1K, the complete set includes the second component — elastifikator UNIFLEX-B (a bucket — 8,3 kg). Elastifikator on a basis oligomernyih rubbers in a combination to a dry hydroisolating mix allows to receive a unique material for protection of concrete structures and designs of diverse appointments and forms. Prepackings are executed in parities for mixing.

Received as a result of mixing kompanentov patsa it is put by a brush on a matte-damp surface in two working passes with an interval from 8 o’clock about one days. After otverzhdeniya the waterproofing — rezinobeton is formed seamless continuous elastic, blocking treschschinyi. Ability to perekryivaniyu cracks at the given material — within 1 mm (depending on temperature) at a thickness of the dried up layer of 2 mm. Water resistance to 7 bar — on a clip and to 1,5 bar — on a separation. Mechanical loads and facing by a tile are possible in a day. The maximum water load — in a week. The material is ecologically safe, including for contact to potable water (availability of the hygienic certificate).

AQUAFIN-2K Has passed serious check at a waterproofing of pools, tanks for water, underground structures, hydrostructures, basements, the bases, a maintained roof etc. it is necessary to note two essential moments in application of the indicated superficial waterproofing.
  • If it is a question of protection of cellars or other premises with the raised humidity, the preliminary preparation of surfaces including is necessary:
    • Removal of organic stratifications (a mould, a fungus);
    • Transformation of soluble salts flyuatirovaniem;
    • In case of brick walls — alignment and processing by adhesive structure;
    • In the presence of a so-called filtering surface of walls through which water regularly filters, special processing with application of consistently materials is necessary: AQUAFIN-F — (zhidkostekolnaya a composition), then AQUAFIN-1K, in svezhenanesennyiy which layer is rubbed dry muffling cement FIX-10S. The last material can be used also for an instant stop of water inflow as seizes immediately at contact to water.
  • At outside waterproofing works (the bases, a maintained roof — open balconies and terraces) elastic material AQUAFIN-2K is used only, as action of sign-variable temperatures (winter — summer) conducts to the raised danger of deformation of a material.

To obmazochnyim to waterproofing materials highly elastic polimerno-bitumen materials COMBIFLEX concern also.

For a waterproofing of a surface of an underground part of structures, isolation under a coupler the unicomponent material COMBIFLEX-DS ready to application forming after drying an elastic, seamless, water-proof film is used.

COMBIFLEX-DS Put a brush, a brush, the platen or corresponding razbryizgivatelem (plaster car) on the prepared surface. Cover does not protect from negative pressure waters (separation), therefore in places where such danger is possible, it is necessary to apply AQUAFIN-2K.

For the system tolstosloynoy waterproofings of an underground part of structures can be used highly elastic bitumno-polymeric COMBIFLEX-C2. Its basis is made by two-componental bitumen weight with synthetic additives. The given composition differs high ability to overlapping of cracks — to 5 mm and above depending on temperature, therefore is rather effective at a waterproofing of the bases of the buildings subject to dynamic loads (garages, shops, storage rooms, clubs with discos, etc.).

The material can be put without preliminary priming both on hardly humidified, and on dry surfaces. Water resistance — to 7 bar. Covers are ecologically safe and reliable.

HORIZONTAL OTSECHNAYA THE WATERPROOFING

Maintenance of durable protection of structures from a capillary moisture is carried out by the system otsechnoy the intrawall waterproofing executed in’etsirovaniem gidrofobizuyuschih, preventing pass through capillaries of liquids in brick, kirpichno-butovye and butovyie layings. The choice gidrofobizuyuschey systems is defined by the nature and properties of protected materials. Brick (stone) layings, concrete blocks assume use kremniyorganicheskih siloksanovyih compositions, gidrofobizuyuschih walls of capillaries and a time. Materials on a basis to exhaust expediently gidrofobizovat silicate structures. Liquid glass reacts with izvestyu, forming the almost insoluble products which are clogging up pores. The technology otsechnoy waterproofings allows to make drainage of any layings, including ancient at realisation of repair and restoration works of the buildings representing historical and a cultural value.

GIDROFOBIZATSIYA SURFACES

Cereznoy a building problem is protection of facades, in particular brick, from atmospheric effects. Availability in a brick of water-soluble salts, penetration into a body of a brick of salts from kladochnogo a solution (mainly, chlorides and sulphates) conduct to presenilation and material destruction. This process intensively proceeds in the conditions of application of a facing brick owing to its specific structure. Salts are washed away by rains, releasing a time where water immediately gets. In the conditions of periodic freezing — thawing the volume and quantity of a time that leads as a result rastreskivaniyu and krosheniyu brick weight grow. Therefore the brick facade is in great need in clearing of salts and the subsequent gidrofobizatsii. It can be flyuatirovanie and the subsequent oshtukaturivanie lungs paropronitsaemyimi, waterproof systems THERMOPAL or application of deep clearing of salts with the subsequent gidrofobizatsiey. Superficial gidrofobizatsiya assumes colouring by silicate paints or impregnation kremniyorganicheskimi structures, for example ASOLIN Ws-siloksanovoj a liquid having high getting ability and water-repellent effect.

Both separate protective actions, and complexes of measures for a waterproofing and gidrofobizatsii structures prolong it a life and save our health.
The material is granted Open Company "SHOMBURG-ERLTD" Source: the Newspaper "Building" #49 heading «Stroyinform»

It is introduced: on January, 29th, 2003

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