Remont: roofs, roofs

The general data

Question: How correctly to look after a building roof?
The answer: While in service wooden bearing designs it is necessary to tighten bolts, collars and other metal fastenings in angular connections and if necessary to replace damages and rotting separate elements.
Plots of a roof with the infringed painting layer are necessary for painting immediately, not waiting the next general colouring.
At corrosion occurrence on roofs and water waste systems from their zinced steelalso it is necessary to paint with anticorrosive structures. Consolidation of faulty lying and standing folds of roofs from a sheet steel it is necessary to make with preliminary them promazkoy hermetic or miniate putty. The replaced damaged elements or separate plots of a roof from piece materials should keep within on continuous obreshetku on a layer of a rolled material (roofing felts, pergamina, roofing material, etc.).
In roofs from piece materials at significant zaduvanii in a garret joints between elements of roofing cover it is necessary to coat snow with a cement mortal.
(Pollution and destruction of trenches and drainpipes, infringement of interfaces of separate elements among themselves and with a roof, an icing of water taking away systems and svesov) it is necessary to eliminate malfunctions of system of an outside drainage system in process of revealing of defects, not supposing aggravation of work of system.
Roofs with an outside drainage system are necessary for clearing periodically of snow, not supposing accumulation by its layer more than 30 see roofs with a bias of slopes 45 ° and more and with free sbrasyivaniem waters to clear snow follows only in razzhelobkah and over eaves.

Question: What elements of roofing bearing designs are most subject to deformations?
The answer: Deformations and other defects of the roofing bearing designs, meeting while in service:
  • The wooden: infringements of connections between elements, waterproofing destruction mauerlatov, rotting and a deflection stropilnyih feet, obreshetki and other elements;
  • The ferro-concrete: destruction of a protective layer of concrete, armature corrosion, deflections, cracks, etc.;
  • In roofs from a sheet steel: easing of crests and folds, corrosion, holes and fistulas, destruction painting or a protective layer;
  • In roofs from asbestotsementnyih tiles, a tile and other piece materials: damages and displacement of the separate elements, insufficient napusk against each other and easing of fastening of elements of roofs to obreshetke.

All of them are eliminated in process of revealing, not supposing their further development.

Question: How to repair the rafters damaged by decay and mauerlat?
The answer: At rotting of the ends of the rafters leaning on mauerlat, act as follows (fig. 1). On garret overlapping put a bar leaning against 2-3 beams. Against it rest podkosyi from the boards, beaten to stropilnoy to a foot nails. For strengthening decayed in the middle stropilnyih feet to them beat 2 overlays from boards in the thickness of 50-60 mm. Nails hammer on the ends of overlays into the intact part stropilnoy in feet.
For repair mauerlata, decayed on insignificant length, stropilnuyu a foot skobami krepyat to podkosam, resting in mauerlat and attached skobami to its intact plot (fig. 2). At rotting of a significant part mauerlata to stropilnoy to a foot beat overlays from boards. Rest them in new additional mauerlat, established below decayed and fixed by probes against a wall laying.

Fig. 1. Strengthening stropilnoy feet at rotting of its end:
1 – mauerlat; 2 – stropilnaya a foot; 3 – overlays and podkosyi from boards; 4 – nails in length 120 – 150 mm, 5 – a bar leaning against 2-3 beams Fig. 2. Strengthening stropilnoy feet near to the decayed part mauerlata:
1 – mauerlat; 2 – podkosyi; 3 – stropilnaya a foot;
4 – the decayed part mauerlata
Question: How to prevent leakings in a roof?
The answer: to Experts well-known, that during winter time in multilayered protecting designs (including mansard roofs) because of a wide margin of internal and outside temperatures there is a condensate formation. In summertime this moisture should dry up. But in case it has not dried up, there is a water accumulation that leads to roof leakings. It is confirmed with practice.
The most effective decision of this problem is use of "breathing" waterproofing materials. The given materials, unlike other waterproofing films and furthermore roofing material and pergamina, allow to refuse the bottom ventilating backlash which "eats" to 50 % of the space intended for warming of a roof also. Thus, appears possibility douteplit a roof on all height of rafters (in addition to 70-80 mm) and to achieve the most effective indicators on teplosberezheniyu and durability of all design that meets growing requests of norms on a thermal protection of building designs.

Question: What means concept «flickering leakings»?
The answer: "Flickering" leakings appear not after each rain. One of principal causes razgermetizatsii covers is zamokanie a heater and, as result, occurrence of critical pressure of water steams on a roofing carpet at intensive heating of a surface in summertime.

Question: How to correct the damaged protective layers lotkovyih ferro-concrete roofs?
The answer: It is necessary to put on a surface lotkovyih ferro-concrete roofs painting structures:
  • First coat — varnish Etinol — 1 layer, the basic cover — enamel PHV-23;
  • First coat — varnish BT-577 — 1 layer, the basic cover — paint BT-177.

    Question: What to do, if there were hair cracks in ferro-concrete panels bezrulonnyih roofs?
    The answer: the occurrence Reasons: a long economic life without repairs.
    Methods of removal: hair cracks to jam a solution, and cracks in width expand of 0,2 sm and clean, then close up a solution zapodlitso.
    Zadelku cracks it is possible to execute also epoksidnyim glue.

    Question: How to be, if there were chaotically directed cracks in seams and in ferro-concrete plates of flat covers of maintained roofs?
    The answer: absence of a bias of a roof or too big distances between deformation seams can be the Source of rupture. It is necessary to clear away cracks. To prepare a mark solution not more low 100 and to fill in cracks with the prepared solution. On the repaired plot to paste a roofing carpet, to fill a layer of quartz sand and to lay tiles of a maintained roof.

    Question: Why polymeric roofs collapse?
    The answer: Under the influence of infra-red beams there is a photodecomposition of the long synthesised molecules of polymeric materials. Becoming fragile, they gradually collapse. It concerns not only an elastic tile «shingls» (close under the price to natural), but also to steklopolimernyim, steklobitumnyim, to rubber and other materials of similar type.

    Repair of a metal roof

    Question: How to explain course of metal roofs in a year of manufacturing or the next year after repair? How to eliminate defects?
    The answer: It occurs that folds (standing or lying) or are pressed leaky out, or to obzhatiya have not been missed the mark by putty on iron minium or white lead.
    In quality germetiziruyuschih materials at repair of metal roofs it is possible to use germetiziruyuschiy a layered material — Armokrovlelit, consisting of a reinforcing basis (fiber glass fabric of type T-12-41, ASTT) and mastics Krovlelit.
    Hermetic should be put on dry, cleared of a rust and an exfoliating paint, obespyilennuyu a fold surface shpatelem before reception of a smooth surface of a layer of hermetic (a thickness to 2 mm).

    Question: How to repair apertures and fistulas in places of interface of a roof with basic parts of acting designs?
    The answer: Hermetic sealing of folds and holes of a metal roof execute at relative humidity of air not above 75 % only on dry, cleared, obespyilennoy surfaces. For this purpose self-glued tape “Gerlen-D” of 25-30 mm and the length equal to length germetiziruyuschih of folds cut strips the in width, but no more than 2,5-3 m. of the Strip of a tape need to be imposed on folds, densely to press to a surface the rubber platen.
    Large apertures, holes in the size from 10 mm and more block a patch of two layers of fiber glass fabric on hermetic.

    Question: How often it is necessary to paint a metal roof?
    The answer: Each 3-5 years. The roof especially requires regular colouring also from a steel sheet (otsinkovka does not require special care the first 10 years, and then it too it is necessary to paint each 3 – 5 years).

    Question: How repair of protective paint and varnish cover of a roof from the zinced tin is carried out?
    The answer: At first the complex of a spadework is conducted:
    • Clearing of a surface of a roof of the fallen branches, leaves and other dust.
    • To wash off from a surface a dirt, fat, oils a water solution of a cleaner.
    • To rinse a surface water and to wait complete drying.
    • To remove the exfoliating, cracked paint a scraper and a steel brush.
    • To remove from a surface a grinding dust and exfoliating slices.
    • To ground the plots of a surface cleared of a rust an anticorrosive priming paint on metal.

    After fulfilment of all operations set forth above start repair of paint and varnish cover of a roof. It is possible to apply to the first (priming) layer alkidnuyu a paint diluted with solvent to 5 % from volume of a paint.
    The second layer is executed not diluted alkidnoy by a paint.

    Question: How paint and varnish cover of a roof from aluminium is under repair?
    The answer: the Spadework requires fulfilment of following operations:
    • To wash off from a surface of a roof a dirt, fat and oils a water solution of a cleaner. Then to rinse roofing metal water and to dry.
    • To remove the exfoliating, cracked paint and a rust a scraper and a steel brush.
    • To remove from a surface a grinding dust and exfoliating slices.

    Repair of painting cover begins with a first coat of all surface. Finishing colouring can be conducted alkidnoy a paint.

    Question: On a roof from otsinkovki there was a rust, that day when can appear and leakings is near. How to be?
    The answer: the Place where there was a rust, it is necessary to wash out kerosene, then water and to clear an emery paper. Further to cover with drying oil, and after its drying to put priming structure and, at last, an oil paint of colour of the zinced steel.

    Question: How cracks and holes on a roof from the zinced steel are eliminated?
    The answer: Small cracks and holes clear of a rust and solder patches from the same zinced steel.

    Sequence of operations:
    • Places of connections to clear a metal brush or an emery paper of a rust, an old paint, fats etc. Densely to adjust connected sheets to each other.
    • The brush moistened with chloride zinc to wash out connected surfaces.
    • Hot soldering iron to wipe sal ammoniac and, concerning solder the soldering iron end, in regular intervals to put it on the accustomed to drinking ends of sheets.
    • After cooling surpluses of solder (an alloy of zinc with lead or an alloy of zinc, lead and cadmium) to remove a file. If you have planned to prepare chloride zinc it is necessary to remember that zinc slices need to be lowered in a vessel with hydrochloric acid, but in any way on the contrary. Otherwise there can be an explosion that will lead to strong burns of a body.

    Question: How repair copper roofs? For example, if the hole was formed?
    The answer: Holes in a copper roof repair luzheniem. That fresh patches were not evident, them cover with a special solution which it is artificial ages new copper.

    Repair of roofs from natural materials

    Question: the Roof from a ceramic tile is aesthetic and serves long. But in due course formation of cracks in a tile is observed. In what the reason?
    The answer: As experts mark, it occurs owing to deformations of a wooden skeleton of a roof under the influence of wind and snow loads. It is necessary to strengthen a roof design that it is possible to make by podbivki rafters boards in the thickness of 38 mm and width 15-18 sm, uniters a little (3-4) stropilnyih feet.

    Question: What to do, when hardened in joints of tile tiles the solution is painted?
    The answer: the Appeared cracks replace with a fresh solution, two-piece sand and one part to exhaust with addition of a linen fibre (tow). A solution stack between tiles from an attic.

    Question: What reason rastreskivaniya sheets — frequent and typical damage of wavy and flat slate?
    The answer: Frequently it occurs from too strong pressure of the fixing screws attaching sheets to the basis. Other reason – understating of diameter of apertures under fixing screws (it should be on 3 mm of more diameter of the screw). The third reason – wrong transportation and warehousing of sheets of slate.
    In these cases or replace the whole sheets, or paste on the damaged places of a strip of a jute fabric or the fiber glass fabric impregnated with mastic. The fabric should block the damaged place on 10 see
    At moving on a surface asbotsementnoy it is necessary for roof to use ladders with cross-section overlays that will allow to avoid occurrence in it of new cracks.

    Question: After installation on a roof of a country house of the teleaerial in a slate roof there were leakings. How to eliminate defect?
    The answer: the Crack, a hole, etc. defects in roofing covers from slate, a tile, various metals very easily zagermetizirovat (simply speaking — to patch) self-glued tapes of type Gepolent-D, Gerlen-D, Gepolent or folgirovannyim Gerlenom.
    Defective plot wipe the cotton fabric moistened in uajt-spirite, petrol or solvente (if on a roof ice or snow, dry a repaired place a gas torch or a blowtorch). Having removed protective silikonizirovannuyu a paper (by analogy to self-glued wall-paper), paste piece Gepolenta-D or Gerlena-D, having blocked a defective plot on 3-5 see
    Such self-glued tapes on a surface have cover from lavsanoviskoznogo a nonwoven material, therefore "patches" on a roof can be painted in the necessary colour. Is better to dissolve in natural drying oil aluminium powder (15 % on weight) and this paint to paint the repaired plot.

    Repair of soft roofing covers

    Question: How to repair a rolled roof if in it holes were formed?
    The answer: If in rolled to a roof many holes it it is necessary to clear, put a layer of mastic were formed and to lay a new layer over the available old. Stacking is necessary for conducting in regular intervals in a direction of a bias of a roof so that panels blocked one another.

    Question: How to eliminate procorfs of a roofing carpet?
    The answer: Small on depth, to 15 mm, roof procorfs close up a label of several layers of a rolled material with consecutive increase in the sizes of patches.
    Significant in the sizes roof procorfs, more 15 mm, it is necessary to level asphalt and a label from above two layers of a material, supplying thus one level and a bias of a surface with adjacent plots.

    Question: why swellings between the bottom layer of a roofing carpet and the roof basis are formed?
    The answer: Here play the big role temperaturno-vlazhnostnye the factors depending on operating conditions in object. The reasons also can be: carpet gluing at loss of deposits or on the damp basis, use of the rehumidified heater owing to its wrong storage.
    For defect removal a rolled carpet in a place of formation of an air sack crosswisely cut. On the cleared basis put a layer of mastic in the thickness of 3-4 mm. The cut parts of a rolled carpet paste again. The sizes of a patch should exceed contours of the damaged plot on 150 mm.

    Question: What to do, if separation of seams in places of a label of one strip of a rolled material on other is revealed?
    The answer: It happens because the sizes nahlestki panels on width were not observed. The rolled material before a label was not unrolled, panels were not driven in a place or the marking has not been made by a chalk of a line of a label. Probably, that nahlestka joints of panels of the top layer it has been executed against a direction of dominating winds.
    For removal it is necessary: carefully to dry the damaged seam, cautiously brush to clear of sand and a dirt, to unbend panels, to miss the mark with mastic, densely to press. The lagged behind edges in seams can be stuck together with the help of a gas torch or a blowtorch.

    Question: Why occurs otslaivanie roofs from the basis or one layer of a carpet from other? How it to eliminate?
    The answer: This consequence of insufficient coupling of mastic with the basis because of non-observance of following conditions: the cement coupler or the concrete basis were not previously ogruntovanyi a bitumen first coat; the label was made on damp or crude from a dust and a dirt to the basis; the bottom surface of panels and a face sheet edge have not been cleared from mineral posyipki; a basis surface (or an underlaying layer of a roof) it is negligent, with admissions it is covered by mastic and places of gluing of edges of panels are missed insufficiently the mark; the label is made by the cooled down mastic; the pasted panels are badly pressed to an underlaying layer or the basis.
    Method of removal. In places of stratification of a rolled carpet it is necessary to separate more probably sheets, to clear them, to miss the mark with mastic and to paste to the basis or to each other. Possible thus ruptures of sheets to stick with strips of a rolled material in width not less than 20 sm, and then from above to miss the mark with mastic.

    Question: How to remove hollows on a surface of roofing cover?
    The answer: Probably, the rolled carpet has been pasted on the damaged basis with hollows and deepenings. Pouring of these hollows is not supposed to be made mastic. The rolled carpet should be made an incision an envelope, to unbend the ends, to correct the basis, to dry. Again to paste the unbent ends of cover and from above on this place to paste the two-layer patch blocking cuts on 100 mm.

    Question: How to eliminate formation of chaotically possessed swellings under the top layer of a roofing carpet (not having graviynogo a protective layer)?
    The answer: By production zaplatochnogo repair the damaged plot of a roof delete. And a panel adjoining damage make an incision (length of a cut — 100 mm). The first patch from one layer of a rolled material should be pasted on the cleared and dried basis and to get under edges of an existing carpet. The sizes of the second patch which paste from above, should exceed on 100-150 mm contours podrezov. The basis to grease with mastic. Corners to paste and grind in grebkom, from above to paste a patch, blocking places of cuts on 100 mm.

    Question: Why the swelling on protective graviynom a layer of a roofing carpet is formed?
    The answer: the Reasons a little: moving of a basis of a roofing material from an organic fibre; bad coupling of gravel with bitumen mastic and thereof partial loss graviynogo a layer; destruction of a layer of bitumen under the influence of the atmospheric factor.
    For defect removal it is necessary to clear away a roof plot in a place of formation of a swelling to a below-mentioned dense bed, to pour hot mastic on the cleared place and to scatter gravel from it vtaplivaniem in a mastic layer.

    Question: How to eliminate cracks in the protective layer of bitumen mastic put on a surface of a roofing carpet?
    The answer: It occurs because of absence posyipki and under the influence of ultra-violet beams. It is necessary to clear away the damaged plot of a roof. To cover with hot mastic and to fall asleep this part of reconstructed cover by gravel with the size of fractions 3-5 mm.

    Question: How to close up through cracks in a roofing carpet?
    The answer: For repair it is necessary along cracks on width of 1 m: to release a roofing carpet of a protective layer and, having unbent layers of materials to clear a below-mentioned layer. Then to paste the unbent layers of roofing materials. On a crack to impose a strip from a rolled material in width 150 – 200 mm and to stick together it in separate places on the one hand cracks with the top layer of a roofing carpet.

    Question: How to repair the rolled roof damaged by swellings in the form of "sacks", filled with air or water?
    The answer: It occurs because, that the rolled carpet is pasted substandardly. The Air-to-water "sacks" formed at a label of panels, in time have not been liquidated by hire and obzhatiya them.
    To eliminate "sack", it is necessary to cut its envelope, corners to turn on and dry. Internal both lateral aspects of corners and the envelope basis to clear, grease with mastic to paste and grind in grebkom. From above to paste a patch, blocking places of cuts on 100 mm, its edges proshpaklevat, a patch to paint mastic. If the repaired roof has been executed earlier from naplavlyaemyih materials, gluing of layers of a carpet and patches can be executed without mastic, with use of a gas torch or a blowtorch.
    If the swelling is filled not by water, and air, it is enough to pierce of it, to manufacture air, and into an aperture from a puncture to inject 10-20 g uajt-spirita or kerosene and to press.

    Question: What to do, if mastic flows down from a surface of a roofing carpet?
    The answer: It occurs, naturally, in the summer. At intensive effect of solar beams incorrectly picked up structure of mastic, and also absence in the top coat layer coarse-grained posyipki do mastic of the fluid.
    The method of removal of defect is simple: a surface to miss the mark with mastic and in not fallen asleep condition to strew dry large sand.

    Question: often top layer of rolled cover rastreskivaetsya. How to eliminate cracks?
    The answer: the Reason: mastic ageing. Roofing cover to fill in with mastic and to put posyipku.

    Problems of adjunctions on a soft roof

    Question: How to eliminate a leak in places of an adjunction of a rolled carpet to vertical surfaces?
    The answer: the Reason in leaky prileganii roofing cover to the basis. It is necessary to warm cautiously the ends of panels a blowtorch, to release of fastenings and to unbend a rolled carpet. To make vyikruzhku radius 50-100 mm from keramzitobetona or a cement mortal, to dry, ogruntovat, again to paste one by one unbent panels and to fix the carpet ends according to project instructions.

    Question: How to struggle with leakings in places of an adjunction of roofing cover to parapets?
    The answer: Places in which the rolled carpet has lagged behind a vertical surface, it is necessary to warm up cautiously a blowtorch, to separate sheets, to dry each layer, again to paste and cover with mastic. Panels after prikleyki immediately to close a metal apron, an upper edge to fix nails to wooden reyke, closed up in a wall.

    Question: Why there are ruptures of soft roofing cover in places of excesses (in adjunctions)?
    The answer: Because of absence vyikruzhek from a cement-sandy solution. Or the radius zakrugleniy is not sustained.

    Question: the following is sometimes observed: on vertical walls the carpet exfoliates, unbent, and water gets into thickness of cover. During the winter period in these places snow intensively melts. What reasons of occurrence of defect?
    The answer: Most likely the rolled carpet on vertical walls is made on height of 5-10 sm instead of rationed 25 see Probably, that the apron from zinced iron is badly fixed.
    It is necessary to remove the damaged plots of a roofing carpet and to execute new additional layers of a roofing carpet on vertical plots of adjunctions, strictly observing requests SNiP.

    Question: How to eliminate roof course in admission places through a roof of ventilating pipes?
    The answer: Possibly, it happens in the absence of tightness of connection dozhdezaschitnyih umbrellas with pipes. At operating repair it is necessary to weaken a collar fixing an umbrella on a pipe, and to mortgage between an umbrella and a pipe a lining from weatherproof rubber. Then to miss the mark with hermetic a junction of an umbrella with a pipe and to tighten collars. To condense germetiziruyuschuyu mastic, and a junction of a pipe with dozhdezaschitnyim an umbrella to paint paint BT-177.

    Question: How to close up cracks on soft roofing cover in places of support of teleaerials?
    The answer: On the surface cleared round a pipe impose polimerrastvor in a kind vyikruzhki. Then put a mastic layer, paste fiber glass fabric on which again fill in mastic. The thickness mastichnogo a layer should be no more than 1 mm.Material have prepared
    L.RUDNITSKY, AND. SAHIBZADINOV     Source: "the Newspaper Building" #14 (2006) heading “Stroyinform”

    It is introduced: on April, 24th, 2006

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