Remont overlappings

QUESTION:
«Good afternoon, dear journalists of" the Building season ». In last number you have told about preparation of a roof for winter and methods of its repair. For us it is very important information. Thanks. However we have also other problem - a pitiable condition of rafters. How to be?»

Family CHudolkinyih, Podolsk

REPAIR OF OVERLAPPINGS
In apartment houses it is necessary to supply proper care of garrets. The temperture of a garret should be above temperature of outside air on 5-6°S in the winter. An indicator of the raised humidity of air in a garret is hoarfrost or otpotevanie obreshetki or rafters of a roof from an attic. In this case it is necessary to air is more often a premise or in addition to warm it.
That on wooden designs there were no derevorazrushayuschie bugs, mol and house mushrooms, it is not necessary to store any property, differently wooden designs on an attic start to rot. In trabeations beams and boards - nakat are most subject to rotting. In beams the ends which are closed up in walls mostly rot. A condition of beams define visually, and also on a sound - by prostukivaniya an axe butt. If at prostukivanii the deaf sound, a condition of a beam the unsatisfactory is received. In this place bore through an aperture and on a shaving define degree of rotting of wood.

Prior to the beginning of works on beam strengthening, it is necessary for strengthening temporarily. The most simple method of time strengthening of a beam - statement of racks. When the ends of beams statement of two and more racks is possible have decayed. Under racks it is necessary to enclose a plank bed from good antiseptirovannoy wood.
Complete replacement of a beam - operation rather labour-consuming as it is required to remove cover, a heater, boards nakata and only after that to change a beam.
The decayed ends smooth out and strengthen wooden overlays from boards or a bar from both parties of a beam, attaching their bolts. Overlays should be the same section, as the beam, but approximately in 2 times is longer than the decayed end. Before installation to the place of an overlay antiseptiruyut.
To strengthen a beam it is possible and by means of a bolster. A bolster put from above or from below the basic beam. The section of bolsters should be not less sections of the basic beam, diameter of bolts of fastening - not less than 16 mm; distance between bolts, and also from a bolt till the end of a bolster and to rotting border - not less than seven diameters of a bolt.
At replacement of the decayed ends of a beam the special attention should be paid on correct zadelku the repaired beams in nests. The deaf person zadelku the ends of wooden beams in nests of outside stone walls execute in the next method: the beam end on 0,5-0,6 m cover with antiseptic paste, then pitch or bitumen and wrap up roofing felt or roofing material and stack in a nest on a lining from two layers of roofing felt or on wooden antiseptirovannuyu a lining.
The decayed boards of overlapping replace with boards of the same sizes, but it is obligatory antiseptirovannyimi. In that place where boards have become unfit for use, remove cover, a heater then replace the damaged board. Work needs to be conducted accurately not to infringe nearby laying boards.
In ferro-concrete multihollow plates of overlappings at water hit in emptiness and defrosting destructions with formation of cracks along emptiness, vyikolyi plates downwards or a separation of a shelf of a plate upwards are possible.
Before repair it is necessary to supply plums of water from emptiness of a plate through the drilled apertures. For strengthening of plates regiments over each 3-4 emptiness are cut down, mortgaged in them armaturnyie skeletons and filled in with mark concrete not more low M300 (class V25 - in a new designation of concrete on durability on compression). Source: "the Building Season" #43 (2003)

It is introduced: on November, 14th, 2003

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