Remont old buildings. The analysis and a professional solution

Humidity in premises reduces comfort and destroys constructions. Repair gives to a building its initial condition. Not only repair of a roof, a facade or windows is sufficient that the premises became dry, but also removal of increasing hygroscopic humidity, consolidation of walls from penetration of waters. These works should be professionally developed and conducted. Special knowledge and reliable construction materials are for this purpose necessary.
Basements of constructions are surrounded by the damp earth. If isolation i infringed, the humidity which is in the earth, filters through walls and destroys plaster outside, a stone laying and after capillary moving in a laying reaches a plaster inside layer. Constant effect of humidity on wooden construction materials (beams, support etc.) leads to occurrence of colonies of "a house mushroom». They are dangerous wood parasites who during short time destroy all construction. Their fast-growing myceliums without difficulty get through construction materials. If to constant humidity it is connected also warmly, for example, as in inhabited semibasement premises on damp places of a wall appear black plesnevyie colonies. First of all they threaten health of tenants. As consequence: disease of respiratory ways, rheumatism, a gout.
Humidity threatens not only to health of tenants, but also a building substance. This destroying force can be eliminated. It occurs in new buildings by means of acting consolidation of planes. In old constructions the subsequent corrections are connected with the big difficulties. By means of system AKVAFIN-2K following decisions are offered.

Capillary-lifted humidity
As a rule, construction materials, such as: bricks, stones, and also a network of seams, are covered by a time-capillaries. Capillaries carry out transport of water against a gravity. To interrupt a capillary network, in a laying are used at building the bitumen tapes, a hydroisolating solution. This kapillyaropreryivayuschiy the layer in old constructions does not exist more or in due course has lost the appointment. To prevent capillary increase in humidity, it is necessary to make a horizontal diaphragm method of drilling of apertures which are filled in with solution AKVAFIN-F.

The analysis of building defects
Basis of excellent repair is realisation of the exact analysis of building defects. Conditions of a technical condition of a building concern it, for example: water conditions, the building location, initial and perspective use. The technical condition of object is defined by method of the laboratory analysis of tests (a brick, a solution, plaster, etc.) on definition of quantity of salt, capillaries, a moisture. The measured parametres allow to make certain proposals on repair of object with exact definition of actions for preparation and realisation of the horizontal diaphragm which purpose is removal of capillary humidity, to removal of salts, imposing of special repair plaster, realisation of vertical isolation.

The salts destroying constructions
Especially in old constructions in damp places hydrochloric stains act. It is a question of harmful salts of group of chlorides, sulphates and nitrates. Salts have property even from air to incorporate a moisture, to accumulate and again to allocate. Thus constantly repeating process salt crystals are formed. This destroying force amplifies by connection of new crystallising salt with old crystals.
Pressure of crystallisation conducts to destruction of materials, result of it is otpadenie plasters, osyipanie a solution.
Materials these destroyed or amazed with salt to the beginning of repair work should be carefully eliminated and buried far from an under repair building.

Removal of capillary-lifted humidity
Creeping, means: in a material lifted capillary humidity which for long time can be eliminated a method of realisation of a horizontal diaphragm preparation AKVAFIN-F. It is carried out as follows: on distance of 15 sm are done apertures under a corner 30 ° and diameter 30 mm, the depth equal to width of a wall a minus 8 These apertures see are filled in with material AKVAFIN-F before saturation of all capillaries; as a rule, it is made 3 times. AKVAFIN-F transforms being in a wall izvest into insoluble connections of silicon which settle in capillaries. Thus, it leads to narrowing of capillaries or to their closing. As a result of effect of second component AKVAFIN-F of a wall of capillaries become waterproof. Thus, water has no possibility to be lifted. Chisel apertures are closed up by special solution AZOKRET-BM.

Repair actions against the bricklayings amazed with salts
To release in a building the big areas of harmful salts it is practically impossible. Repair work can be conducted only in a direction of withdrawal at salts of their negative qualities, such as known accumulation of humidity, and also crystal pressure. The special system of sanifying plasters TERMOPAL has justified itself on many objects. On cleared of plaster and a paint a brick wall special preparation ESKO-FLJUAT is put. Its task is transformation of chlorides being on a surface and sulphates in insoluble salts so that they did not move in svezhenanesennuyu plaster. It is put by razbryizgivaniya on a surface of a wall of a cement-water solution. After hardening, in a case of the laying hardly amazed with salts, plaster coat TERMOPAL-GP11 is put, in case of weak defeat of a laying the layer of repair plaster TERMOPAL-SR22 is directly put. Smooth and equal the surface by drawing small shpaklevki TERMOPAL-FSZZ is received. At application of this system humidity evaporates. Salt remain in plaster, collect in emptiness (an air time) and crystallise, absolutely harmlessly. With the help diffuzionnoy paints ADIKOR-SK colour cover of surfaces is made.

System products
The effective products co-ordinated with one another applied to the subsequent isolation and repair of stone layings damp and amazed with salts.

System product

Application AKVAFIN-F
(kremneevyiy a solution)

It is applied as the subsequent
Horizontal diaphragm at
Capillary-lifted
Humidity, the damp bases
Concrete and a bricklaying

ESKO-FLJUAT
(neytralizuschee means)

Ready to the use bessvintsovyiy
Solution for transformation of the harmful
Salts (sulphates and chlorides).
Acts strengthening by
Deep impregnation. It is applied for
flyuatatsiy old, crude
Layings in the form of the special
izolyatsionnoy weights and repair
Plasters. AKVAFIN-2K
(Elastic izolyatsionnaya
Weight)

Elastichesky, cement
Waterproofing against soil,
Stagnant and negative waters to 70 m
Water column.
It is used for isolation
Elevated and podhemnyih structures,
And also it is applicable in hydraulic engineering
Building. TERMOPAL-GP11
(First coat)

It is used for alignment
Surfaces and as the store
Salts at strong defeat of the brick
Layings. It is put before the use
Plasters TERMOPAL-SR22 TERMOPAL-SR22

It is applied to manufacturing
Water-repellent, diffuzionnyih,
The plastered surfaces.
Has the high filtering
Action against water salts.
It is used for repair and
Updatings of damp surfaces
Walls, cellars and facades. TERMOPAL-FS33

It is applied as vyiravnivanivayuschaya
shpaklevka after drawing of the repair
Plasters TERMOPAL-SR22 ADIKOR-SK

It is used for painting
Repaired by system
TERMOPAL surfaces
Bricklaying.

Examples
The subsequent horizontal diaphragm with AKVAFIN-F;
Consolidation of surfaces with AKVAFIN-2K;
Special system of sanifying plasters TERMOPAL.
Diaphragm outside at moisture content in the earth
The arrangement of subsequent horizontal diaphragm (AKVAFIN-F) is conducted in this case above earth level. Drying of a bricklaying below a horizontal diaphragm is not guaranteed. Still getting dangerous salts are processed in this case by special repair plaster.
Diaphragm from within with isolation outside against moisture content in the earth
In this case diaphragm (AKVAFIN-F) is made at wall bottom. The wall surface can dry up at the safe or repaired external isolation. Soil and stagnant waters should be taken away constantly. The subsequent horizontal diaphragm should not be subject to hydrostatic pressure.
Diaphragm outside with isolation from within against water under pressure
In the presence of soil and stagnant waters it is recommended to conduct the subsequent horizontal diaphragm over a water mirror, as a rule, over the earth. Surfaces of walls and a ground are isolated from within by elastic waterproofing AKVAFIN-2K. For condensation avoidance in isolation places special repair plaster TERMOPAL-SR22 is put.
Drainage of walls by means of special repair plaster in cases of the low contents of humidity
At a small amount of lifted humidity it is possible to rely on realisation of the subsequent horizontal diaphragm because TERMOPAL-SR22 – special plaster – prevents process kondensirovaniya a moisture and external crystallisation of salt.
Repair of thick walls
At the big thickness of walls is economically unprofitable to do a diaphragm. In this case it is enough to apply special repair plaster TERMOPAL-SR22.
Diaphragm in case of a double laying at lifted humidity
In case of a double bricklaying, namely a laying with big cross-section section (і1) it is necessary to drill apertures for the subsequent horizontal diaphragm from two parties.

Interaction of systems
For the purpose of successful realisation of repair work in cases of removal of high humidity and harmful salts it is necessary to make works in a following order:
1. The plaster destroyed by humidity and salts.
2. Removal of the damaged plaster and clarification of seams by depth approximately in 2 see
3. Transformation of salts by means of preparation ESKO-FLJUAT.
4. Razbryizgivanie a cement solution on a wall.
5. At the high contents of salts alignment atop-nosti by means of basic plaster TERMOPAL-GR11.
6. Special repair plaster TERMOPAL-SR22.
7. Small shpaklevka TERMOPAL-FSZZ.
8. Painting (ADIKOR-SK).SCHOMBURG. System building materials
(The directory «Repair and furnish», NTS «Stroyinform») Source: the Newspaper "Building" #2 (2004) heading “Stroyinform”

It is introduced: on February, 02nd, 2004

the Wall in stains requires gidrofobizatsii
Why on a surface of facades whitish stains act?They arise that the structure of building materials (cement, concrete, a brick, plaster, kladochnogo solutions) includes diverse chemical compounds: karbonatnyie, kaltsievyie, natrievyie, sulphatic, kalievyie, and also chlorides and oksidyi metals. Besides, in modern technologies the weight of chemicals for giving to materials of additional properties, such as frost resistance, fast hardening etc....
How correctly to paint in apartment!
At colouring alkidnyimi or oil materials the great value has humidity of surfaces and especially humidity in "file" of cover-basis after plaster works. The raised humidity of walls because of not definitively dried up plaster coat is very dangerous to finishing furnish......
Borba with vyisolami
If we are not surprised with soil salts in old cellars, whence they berutsyana a new brick facade, the big question. And salts, naiboleevrednyie for a bricklaying, namely - water-soluble sulphates ihloridyi. It appears them much, that confirms the chemical analysis, and oninahodyatsya is direct in brick weight. Regularly being washed away by rains, salts release a time where the...
Cyiroy a cellar. We solve a problem.
Dampness in the house - threat to health. It is the reason of occurrence of an allergy, an asthma and rheumatism. Dampness in the house is threat to health of the house and the reason of its destruction.So, we will understand with a cellar - the basic source of the raised humidity. If the cellar is filled already in, it...
Gidrofobizatsiya, what is it?
Water-repellent systems – the help to your house.Aggressive effect of water on structures from a brick and concrete – for a long time an established fact for the given materials have porous enough structure. Water gets into a structure from below. It is soil water, i.e. solutions of salts: chlorides, sulphates and hydrocarbonates which then after water evaporation "decorate" facades,...
Rules of plaster works at repair of apartments
The most widespread errors of plaster works, it will be more truly told, the most sad result of plaster works: otsloenie, rastreskivanie plasters and change of geometry of premises, because of a "thick" plaster coat......
Zachem are necessary caniruyuschie plasters?
Processing of surfaces by sanifying plasters is a part of the whole complex of waterproofing works. Thus the main task of these structures — drainage of outside surfaces vlagosoderzhaschih stone or brick walls (if climatic conditions suppose their drying) at drawing on vlagosoderzhaschie stone or bricklayings, and also protection against salts and a moisture of the basic construction material. Sanifying...
How to whitewash a ceiling
Whitewashing is a most simple and cheap method of repair of a ceiling.For colouring whitewashing which can to prepare from slaked be exhausted or a chalk more often is used. To begin colouring process it is necessary from the most important and labour-consuming stage - preparations of a painted surface. Here it is necessary: To wash off warm water (or...
Gips, its properties and application
Plaster (from grech. gypsos — a chalk, izvest) — a mineral, water sulphate of calcium. Crystals lamellar, stolbchatyie, needle and fibrous. There is mainly in the form of continuous granular (alabaster) and fibrous (selenit) of weights, and also various crystal groups (plaster flowers). Pure plaster is colourless and transparent, in the presence of impurity has grey, yellowish, pink, brown and...
Instrumentyi the mason
The tool of the mason:  Rastvornaya a shovel Kelma Hammer-kirochka Rasshivki SHvabrovka Plumb Building level The rule Wooden square Cord-prichalka ooden poryadovka Rastvornaya a shovel   It is intended for giving and rasstilaniya a solution on a wall. A shovel also mix a solution in a box and level it between versts under zabutku.   Kelma   Represents the steel shovel ground from both...
CHem to decorate walls of the doma
Otdelochnyih materials for walls on sale now loads and loads, but wall-paper, as before, use the big popularity. It is quite clear. Cheap enough, on walls it is possible to glue a material, not having special skills, and at desire and to replace without difficulty. Most rasprostrannenyie for today - vinyl and vinyl made foam wall-paper. They strong enough, service...
SHtukaturka
For internal plaster works clay, limy, izvestkovo-plaster, izvestkovo-clay, cement, cement-limy solutions can be used.All materials for solutions need to be sifted or filtered previously through a sieve (cells section 3x3 mm), from to exhaust and clay to prepare the dough, having diluted with their water. Prepare a solution in any box which depth not less than 10-20 sm, mix an...
Tehnologiya installation stenovogo a stone
Before the beginning of the basic works on installation of an artificial decorative stone it is necessary to prepare the basis.If it is a wooden surface at first it is necessary to mount a waterproofing material then on a wall krepyat a plaster grid on which in turn put a layer of a plaster solution in the thickness about 1...