Remont furnaces

Question: Top internal dverka is unsteady. How it to strengthen?
The answer: Obmazyivanie dverki a clay solution can give only temporary effect. Therefore a top internal door usually strengthen as follows: or completely assort a laying round it, or clear away seams between bricks for a bookmark in them of new fastenings (pads from a steel tape or skrutok from nizkouglerodistoy a wire). If former fastenings still can serve to change unessentially, it is necessary to close up well only them in laying seams. Pads (or skrutki) fix a lay solution with addition of an asbestine crumb.
Itself dverku with the pads attached to it wind on perimetre with an asbestine cord and densely insert into an oven laying. Strongly fixed dverka will not be loosened and drop out. The asbestine cord is necessary because it interferes with laying expansion at strong heating. If the cord is absent, a furnace laying execute closely to dverke. The Become unfit for use bricks replace new. Seams fill in with a solution completely.

Question: How to establish new top internal dverku?
The answer: To new dverke also it is necessary to deliver pads. A laying in statement places dverok clear away, moisten with water, establish dverku into place so that pads have got to laying seams. The crack between a laying and dverkoy needs to be closed up in the thickness then an asbestine cord.

Question: How replacement of oven grid-iron lattices is made?
The answer: At replacement of the separate damaged grid-irons carefully clear away basic surfaces under them. If the old grid-iron has been established with small lifting inside toplivnika a new lattice put in the same way. A grid-iron lattice and separate grid-irons, considering property of metal at heating to extend, it is necessary to put not end-to-end to a bricklaying, and with a backlash in 5 mm which is fallen asleep by ashes or sand.

Question: How cracks in an oven laying are closed up?
The answer: Cracks on a surface of the plastered furnaces rub clean a clay solution with addition of an asbestine powder or a table salt small amount (approximately 400 g on 10 l of a solution).
Cracks in laying seams clear away of 20-30 mm on depth, delete all solution and moisten the cleared away place with water. Then completely fill in the cleared away seams with a clay solution, rubbing clean or shvabruya it.
Large and deep cracks are closed up by a clay solution with addition of brick rubble.
Thin (hair) cracks which appear in intensive warming up of the furnace, and then vanish (decrease) in process of its cooling, in zadelke do not require.

Question: How replacement of the burst bricks in an oven laying is executed?
The answer: the Burst bricks take out, clear away a place taken by them from a solution, select a new brick and try on it. The cleared away place and an inserted brick plentifully moisten with water, smear a brick with a clay solution and insert into place. If seams places appear not absolutely filled in them in addition coat with a solution, carefully pressing it in seams with the subsequent zatirkoy or shvabrovkoy.

Question: How re-equipment toplivnika furnaces from wood heating on coal fuel is made?
The answer: Alteration toplivnika concerns furnace overhaul. Coal at combustion gives temperature to 1300°S. At such heat it is required, that walls toplivnika gave all the best from a fire-resistant brick or futerovalis. In small furnaces futerovku execute from a fire-resistant brick on an edge, it is desirable on a fire-resistant solution. In the big furnaces — from a brick flatwise. The thickness of seams should be no more than 3 mm.
From both parties toplivnika small slopes that during a fire chamber coal rolled down downwards are arranged and after a fire chamber the grid-iron lattice has appeared closed by the heated burnt through coals. If there is no possibility, not infringing a laying of walls of the furnace to make similar skosyi, it is possible to lift on one number from level of a grid-iron lattice a top internal door. For coal the width of a crack between grid-irons should be 6-10 mm whereas for other kind of fuel 10-12 mm are possible.

Question: How alteration toplivnika with deaf podom on toplivnik with podduvalom and a grid-iron lattice is executed?
The answer: If the furnace basis is from poda on distance of five numbers of a laying or more top internal dverku keep at-sight. If the quantity of numbers of a laying is less, dverku lift upwards on some numbers. Thus the height toplivnika for fire wood should be not less than 500-550 mm, and for coal — not less than 400-450 mm. Toplivniki for coal it is recommended to equip hermetically closed podduvalnoy and top internal dverkami. A grid-iron lattice under coal put the same size, as well as for fire wood, but heavier profile.
Operating procedure following:

• Assort a forward wall of the furnace.
• Remove top internal dverku.
• Assort a laying oven poda.
• Clean dust.
• Arrange blew.
• Establish podduvalnuyu dverku.
• Establish a grid-iron lattice.
• Put top internal dverku.
• Close up the disassembled wall a brick with observance of bandaging of seams.

Question: Why there is a destruction futerovki in the furnace? How it to repair?
The answer: More often burning out and infringement futerovki occurs that in these places was applied not fire-resistant, but a usual red brick, a fire chamber was conducted not by fire wood, and coal which at combustion gives more a heat.
At replacement futerovki it is necessary to remember, that bandaging of an old laying from the new is possible only in the event that the homogeneous brick, as at ceramic and fire-resistant bricks different factors of thermal expansion is applied.
For replacement futerovki it is necessary to disassemble a wall of the furnace from poda zolnika on height toplivnika, not concerning furnace edges. After clearing toplivnika from the brick rubble which has remained from dismantling old futerovki, spread new futerovku without bandaging with a bricklaying of walls. A thickness of seams no more than 3 mm.

Question: When replacement predtopochnyih sheets is made?
The answer: Predtopochnyie sheets replace, if on them there are holes or the rusted places. Getting on them, hot coals can cause floor fire. The destroyed sheets became tear off, nails take out, close a floor sheet asbestos or the felt soaked in a clay solution and cover with new sheet of a roofing steel, beating it along the edges.

Question: How minor repairs of walls toplivnika or futerovki are made?
The answer: Work execute through top internal dverku. The small destroyed places clear away and cover with a clay solution, refractory clay or fire-resistant concrete. The destroyed bricks futerovki delete, clear away under them places. Missing bricks insert on the same solution on what the laying was conducted.

Question: How are under repair ogolovki chimneys?
The answer: Executed from a brick ogolovki from effect on them of an atmospheric precipitation in due course collapse, become unfit for use and create a fire-dangerous condition. For repair it is necessary to select well burnt brick. The destroyed part of a pipe assort, a surface of the remained laying well moisten with water. A laying conduct with careful bandaging of seams on the cement or mixed solution. The top extremity of a pipe level a cement mortal, giving to it skos to lateral aspects. It not only facilitates movement of smoke gases, but also protects a pipe from namokaniya.

Question: How to repair the arch of Russian oven?
The answer: If bricks it is frequent him even have dropped out of the furnace arch shift. However the arch can be repaired. Remove unsteady bricks, clear this place, under the arch deliver a plate with a prop, pick up bricks and mortgage them on clay. If they have entered poorly hammer into seams thin brick schebenku.

Question: About what it is necessary not to forget at realisation of repair of the furnace?
The answer: If on walls of the furnace or in flues it is a lot of soot they heat up very poorly, and it is necessary to expend on a fire chamber much more fuel and time. The thickness of soot in 1-2 mm considerably worsens perception of heat walls.
At furnace repair it is necessary to remember constantly, that the most insignificant layer of soot aloud enough reduces heating of the furnace and smoke channels. To remove the soot which has settled between the smallest roughnesses, difficultly. Therefore at replacement of bricks the squeezed out clay is removed a hand, and through 3-5 numbers of a laying by internal surfaces of channels shvabruyut, wiping a wet rag. SHvabrit follows thoroughly that on walls there were no solution traces.

Question: How it is often necessary to clear the furnace of soot?
The answer: to Clear the furnace of soot the minimum 4 times a year follows, and it will be even better, even if six times (that is every 2 month).
If on pritvorah dverok there was a deposit (the hardened soot) it delete nazhdachnoy a skin. For a week or it is more prior to the beginning of cleaning the furnace it is better to heat fire wood, for example aspen from which soot is loosened and easily leaves.
L.RUDNITSKY has prepared Source: the Newspaper "Building" #42 (2006) heading «Stroyinform»

It is introduced: on December, 14th, 2006