Razvorachivaem marches

We develop marches the Modern market of building services it is capable to satisfy the most exacting inquiries and allows to embody qualitatively and economically in a reality any, even the most courageous, building plan: from a small country cottage till the impressive sizes of a private residence.

By nature in the person the aspiration to harmony, that is an optimum combination of the form and the contents is mortgaged. Therefore before to start repair or building of the housing accommodation, we draw plans, we make projects so tat all its components were in harmony with one another. However often happens, that in already prepared projects of the majority of country houses of a ladder are represented only conditionally, and even at all are absent. And after all the ladder - the major element of an interior which except the core - functional - appointments is capable not only to underline the general style of a premise but also to give it a unique and complete kind! In some cases the ladder can act as the decorative element forming an interior, underlining taste and individuality of the holder. And, at last, the ladder the kind, an unreasoned design can spoil, introduce all a discord to a premise interior.

According to the destination all ladders are uniform: they are intended for a possibility of fast and convenient moving from one level (floor) on other. Thus they should be convenient, reliable, and meet aesthetic requests of the holder. Also all ladders should meet certain standard requests among which the most essential is the following:

- The width of a ladder march for the basic ladders should not be less than 0,8… 1,0 metres;

- Ladders should be shined well, especially the first and last steps;

- All ladders having more of three steps, should be equipped strong and reliable a handrail mi which height should be not less than 90 sm;

- The step height (podstupenka) should not be more than 20 sm, and width of a step (appear) should not be less than 25… 30 sm;

- Ladders should maintain load not less than 180… 220 kg, and a handrail of ladders - not less than 100 kg;

- The ladder bias should not exceed 38 ° for premises. For one-apartment houses the bias to 45 ° is supposed. At garret ladders the inclination corner can be in limits 63 °… 74 °. The bias of one ladder march on all length should be to constants;

- The distance between a ladder march and a wall ‘ or between a ladder platform and a wall should not exceed 5… 6 sm;

- At building of buildings with two and more floors the basic ladders connecting floors, should have one general flight which is directly connected with a ladder conducting on an attic;

- In buildings where is available more than 2 floors, ladders should be produced from nonflammable materials.

Modern ladders (both it is functional, and is constructive) have the big variety, classification and their grouping can be various depending on a sign or group of signs which are taken as a principle classifications. We will stay on most, from our point of view, ladder logically justified for a choice to system though it and supposes some convention.

On the location concerning a ladder apartment house it is possible to divide on outside and internal. Outside ladders concern source, fire, etc. To internal - the cores, basement, cherdach th, auxiliary, decorative, etc.

The ladder kind is defined depending on the sizes of a building or its separate premises, and also from their appointment. Thus ladders can be one-mid-flight, two-mid-flight or multimid-flight. As a march is called a continuous number of steps. As a rule, the number of steps in a march does not exceed ten, that is caused exclusively by convenience reasons, at lifting or descent. If the number of steps in a ladder be more a march divide on two parts and separate them from each other an intermediate platform. Besides, by the form ladders can be divided conditionally on two groups: direct and rotary. Ladders in each of these groups can be right or left. Lifting on the right ladder occurs clockwise, lifting on left - against. The number of steps in them - identical is expedient to produce two-mid-flight ladders right, and.

Two-mid-flight ladders can be direct and rotary. And depending on a required corner of turn of a ladder can be subdivided on semiturnaround, chetvertoborotnyie and circular. It is necessary to carry that at the same height of steps they occupy the smaller space indoors to advantages of rotary ladders, than straight lines. However on them not so it is convenient to carry large-sized things (furniture, etc.) and they are more dangerous in operation, in particular to old men and children. Two-mid-flight ladders at which the first march conducts to a platform from which in adverse parties other two marches disperse, are called raspashnyimi.

For bolshey economy of a place sometimes intermediate platforms replace so-called zabezhnyimi with the steps having different width at edges (the internal edge already, external is wider). The most economic ladder consisting from one zabezhnyih of steps, is called as screw.

The choice of a kind of a ladder as we already spoke, is defined under the influence of set of factors. Most important of them is the aperture location in overlapping. Direct one-mid-flight ladders usually happen very abrupt and are applied extremely seldom. Rotary ladders, as a rule, are established along two walls. Under them it is convenient to equip kladovoe a premise. For placing in a premise corner is better the two-mid-flight ladder with an intermediate platform approaches. At a small aperture in interfloor overlapping it is expedient to possess a spiral staircase with the central rack. In a spacious hall is better the big rotary ladder with zabezhnyimi steps is looked. The increasing popularity, thanks to the aesthetic properties and despite difficult enough production process, ladders with partially or completely bent marches acquire recently. The ladder conducting in a cellar, on an attic or in a penthouse, should be one-mid-flight or added which probably as required put and clean in interfloor overlapping.

On a ladder design are divided as follows. The cores (as a rule, mid-flight ladders) can be on kosourah or with bowstrings. If beams against which march steps lean, are possessed under them such beams name kosourami if sideways - that bowstrings. Kosouryi and bowstrings lean against the beams supporting ladder platforms.

Recently the big distribution as the cores was received by pendant ladders or ladders on boltsah. Steps of these ladders on the one hand fasten by means of racks to a hand-rail, and on the other hand - to a wall. Their main dignity consists that they do not creak as in them there is no connection of wooden parts with one another.

Spiral staircases are usually produced with the central rack which in this case bears the basic load. However there are also spiral staircases bearing bowstrings.

Auxiliary added (portable or fixed) ladders can be collapsible and sliding.

As an applied material of which bearing designs of ladders are produced, they can be divided into the stone, wooden, metal, plastic and mixed ladders conditionally. At manufacturing of stone ladders the wide spectrum of materials, from concrete to marble is applied. For manufacturing of wooden ladders wood of coniferous breeds (a fur-tree, a fir, a pine, a larch, a cedar), an oak or a beech, a nut or a cherry etc. can be used. Wood of tropical breeds (oregonskaya a pine, an araucaria, bubingo, iroko, etc.) is good for manufacturing of ladders. The palette of materials for metal and plastic ladders also is rather diverse, thanks to wide penetration into building of high technologies of their production. Meet (the truth, it is the extremely rare) so ladders from nonconventional materials (for example, from glass), that can introduce special colour in a premise interior.

And, at last, cost an indicator. The ladder price develops of several components: cost of the design project, used materials, delivery and installation. The limit up of cost of a ladder simply does not exist. Cost of not so refined one-mid-flight ladder of a domestic production from a pine at distance between floors will make of 3 metres about two thousand dollars, of a beech - in two, and from an ash-tree or an oak - is three times more expensive. And here, for example, the hurdle rate of cost of an import wooden ladder with the bent march is equal to nine thousand dollars.

Various descriptions of ladders can be seen already in the ancient manuscripts describing building of pyramids in Ancient Egypt, ancient theatres and temples. In the Middle Ages there were even special guilds of ladder affairs of masters which pereda-bring down the secrets from generation to generation. Present masters of domestic and foreign firms are capable to embody these secrets, and also up-to-date technologies in ladders of your house!