Razogrev bitumen materials in small-sized coppers

One of the acute problems of housing construction — eternally current roofs because of what it is necessary to conduct great volumes of repair work on removal of defects and restoration.

The reasons of leakings of roofs can be the most different: unsuccessful constructive decisions of roofs; poor quality of building, infringement of technologies of the system of roofs, non-observance of standard requests by production of works; poor quality of roofing materials; the unsatisfactory contents of roofs the operational oranisations.

One of these reasons can be eliminated quickly enough, namely — use both in new building, and at repairs of roofs from modern roofing materials: rolled bitumen, bitumno-polymeric, rolled elastomernyih on pasting mastics, mastichnyih, etc.

Almost complete list of all modern roofing materials with all technical characteristics is published in journals «the Roof and isolation» ## 3-6 1999, 2-4, 9-10 2000, 3-4, 13-14 2001, 2-3, 18-19 2002, 4-5, 20-21 2002

Very often at the system of roofs even from modern naplavlyaemyih materials application of bitumen, bitumno-polymeric mastics in a small amount is required: at preparation ogruntovochnyih structures, at the system or repair of adjunctions to acting designs, in need of the system of protective layers from krupnozernistnyih posyipok to which it is necessary to apply hot bitumen or bitumen mastic, etc.

In quantities hot bitumen and bitumno-polymeric materials apply industrially on processing lines at preparation propitochnyih structures and integumentary layers in the course of manufacturing of rolled roofing materials.

Thus, in building practice bitumen apply in significant volume and only in razogretom a condition; for a warming up of a bitumen integumentary layer for the purpose of pasting of panels of a material among themselves and gluings to the basis, and industrially - for manufacturing of rolled materials.

At gluing of rolled bitumen and bitumno-polymeric materials to a warming up of an integumentary layer from the bottom party of a panel everywhere apply gas or liquid torches. In this case heating occurs contact by. Heat source — an open flame, subjecting to temperature effect pasted materials, warms up a surface of a bitumen or bitumno-polymeric layer. If heating excessively long, heat starts to extend not only inside, but for this time there is an overheat of the surface of a material; evaporation of easy fractions, vyitekanie bitumen from under an unrolled roll etc. As a result, a layer of a material pasted on the basis partially utonchaetsya, collapses, that leads to reduction of planned service life of a soft roof. The flame temperature gorelochnyih systems makes 600-800°S. Process of decomposition of bitumen begins approximately at 2507deg; With.

New more safe method of pasting rolled naplavlyaemyih materials, and also a method of preparation of bitumen and bitumno-polymeric mastics is developed by experts of department of the roofing works TSNII OMTP which has offered the special electric equipment, based on use of an infra-red irradiation. Dignity of such offer consists that infra-red radiation, passing in depth of a material, heats up it to the required temperature 140-160°S

The bitumen weight, heating up to fluctuation temperature, freely flows down in the prepared capacity, baring bitumen pieces. Hence, this principle allows to warm up in regular intervals materials on the basis of bitumen as in the course of preparation zhidkotekuchego bitumen, and to arrange roofs on objects from rolled naplavlyaemyih materials.

The essence of heating by infra-red beams consists that for each material depending on its properties, the radiator generating mainly those lengths of waves in an infra-red part of a spectrum which are as much as possible absorbed by the given material steals up and supply minimum time of heating of the given item at high quality. The parity of the reflected, absorbed and passed radiant streams is characterised by the corresponding factors depending on length of a wave and physical properties of the irradiated body. Bitumen and bitumno-polymeric materials to the same extent absorb and pass infra-red beams depending on a thickness of a layer. The general for them is "transparency" decrease at increase in a thickness of a layer.

Duration of heating by infra-red beams is much less, than at use of contact methods of heating. This results from the fact that infra-red beams get into layers of a material and carry out internal heating, therefore for continuous preparation of liquid bitumens such constant method of a warming up of a bitumen material is most effective.

Compactness and mobility of systems with infra-red radiators supply realisation of heating of materials in a required place, allow to regulate easily visually heating process in time.

On comparative accounts at use of infra-red radiation costs of the electric power for a warming up of materials on the basis of bitumens in 2-3 times it is less, than at a contact method.

The experimental sample is developed for preparation of liquid bitumen now on the basis of application of infra-red radiators small-sized bitumovarochnogo a copper. This electric copper has no capacity for a warming up and bitumen dehydration. Thanks to it process of reception of hot bitumen weight begins right after inclusions of heaters and lasts continuously before their switching-off. It allows to receive necessary quantity of hot bitumen constantly.

The cost of the electric power for preparation of bitumen roughly makes of 1 l to 0,2 kVt.ch. Small dimensions of a skilled copy — height of 1,5 m, diameter of 0,8-1 m — allow to use this equipment practically in any place: both on a processing line industrially, and on a building site.

The complete set includes 2-3 buckets-thermoses in capacity on 20 l. One thermos is filled in hot rasplavom with temperature approximately 200°S for 10-15 minutes then on its place the following thermos is established, and previous it is possible to use for the industrial purposes.

Electric heating allows to create a rational design of the radiators considering various specific requests which factories on creation of rolled materials have, roofing works on objects where there are internal and external corners, narrow almost impassable plots, places of adjunctions to various forms of acting designs, etc.

Service life of radiators is great enough, and replacement of the failed elements does not cause infringement of a technological rhythm and does not conduct to the big material inputs. Their design is folding, that allows to replace details with insignificant expenses of time. Radiators create the maximum density of a thermal stream at stability of its spectral structure. Distribution of a thermal stream to an irradiated surface is as much as possible uniform, and it is main operational achievement.

For connection of an experimental copper to an external network pressure 380/220 In uses a special electrocontrol panel. Weight of a board of 10 kg. Connection to an external network is carried out by a cable of type of KG. The management chain eats through lowering transformer pressure 36 V.Elektroshchit provides connection simultaneously two units.

It is necessary to give special attention to following requests.

It is forbidden:
  • To suppose short circuit of elements of a radiator on the case or among themselves. It leads to destruction of radiators.
  • To make repair and to concern current-carrying elements of a design without switching-off of the automatic machine of a network.
  • Work on the equipment of not trained staff.
On the reacquired equipment it is necessary to check up an inhaling of all electric contacts - on a copper and on an electroboard.

Now the industrial tests of a small-sized copper directed on increase of its reliability and durability are conducted.
Century BELEVICH, d.t.n., the deserved builder of the Russian Federation the chief of department of roofing works of Joint-Stock Company «TSNII OMTP»;
E. PERVAGA, the employee of department of roofing works of Joint-Stock Company «TSNII OMTP» Source: "the Newspaper Building" #10 (2003) heading “Stroyinform”

It is introduced: on April, 04th, 2003

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