Raz a step, two step – will be a short flight of stairs?

The story about that is necessary that the ladder constructed in your house was convenient, safe also long years pleased your sight.

Depth, width and height

For observance of basic safety requirements and comfort, mid-flight ladders have restrictions on parametres of a ladder march. The width of a step should be not less than 80 see On such ladder it is possible to be lifted and lowered easy though will miss each other on it to two people with some difficulty. Narrower ladder becomes completely inconvenient in operation.

herefore the width of 80 sm is a minimum when to be lifted and lowered conveniently, 90 sm — is comprehensible, 100 and above — is comfortable. Of 100 sm it is considered to be size optimum.

Depth of a step should be not less than 30 sm, that is it should be not less lengths of your footwear. The heel should rise on a step strongly and reliably, differently the ladder will not be safe. Some firms suggest this size to limit to 25th centimetres. In our opinion it is not enough of it, since the length of foot of the average person makes 27-30 comfortable steps depth from 30 to 35 see Most see

It is considered to be comfortable height of a step 15 sm (this size is called in many textbooks and special editions). From own experience I can tell, that the step with height from 17 to 18 sm is most convenient at width 30-35 see On such steps conveniently and to be lifted and lowered to the person of the average sizes.

Whence these sizes undertake?

All of them settle up proceeding from an average of a step of the person — 45-50 sm, that is, irrespective of a lifting corner, the sum of the sizes of a step — depths (appear) also heights (podstupenka) — should not exceed the given indicator.

Lifting on a ladder requires the certain efforts increasing with increase of a corner of an inclination of marches (from 30 to 60 °). At coal more than 45 ° the ladder becomes "unilateral", that is to be lowered on it it is desirable in the same position, as to be lifted. At coal 60 °, even to walk upstairs inconveniently, therefore at such coal of an inclination usually provide the system of steps of variable width. In general, the the inclination corner, the more comfortably a ladder is less.

Besides, it is necessary to consider, that children and older persons will use a ladder. For these reasons it is desirable to break lifting into a floor on three or even four parts with platforms for rest or with zabezhnyimi steps on ladder turn. In this case the mid-flight ladder acquires properties screw, but it is much more safe than it. Such ladder also is visually perceived better.

If in the house there are small children, that, besides usual hand-rail, for them do an additional handrail. For older persons a hand-rail repeat on a wall. To secure small children at use of a ladder apply two more receptions. First, it is possible instead of one balyasinyi at each step to establish two (in this case it is possible to use more thin balyasinyi) — through such "paling" even very much the small child to climb through and, hence, to fall in a ladder aperture, cannot. Secondly, it is possible to establish from both parties of a ladder march time "gates", with a lock inaccessible to the child. In this case the child in general without the aid of adults on a ladder cannot get. When he will grow, and the ladder will cease to represent threat for his life, "gates" can be removed simply.

Time a step, two step — will be a short flight of stairs?

At the ladder system it is necessary to remember and that the ladder exists not only that on it to be lifted and lowered. Here you should carry by bulky things, to lift and lower furniture. The ladder should not an obstacle for similar actions. As well as from what to produce such ladder?

The material used for manufacturing and a design of a ladder, unconditionally, influence design and appearance of an interior. In this sense of a design from a tree — unconditional favourites of modern builders. Ecologically pure, warm, diverse shades elements from integral wood give in to refined processing, are traditional, beautiful, accessible, but — there is one minus — pozharoopasnyi.

Therefore in the big house or establishment the ladder from nonflammable materials is desirable. Here it is possible to offer a universal method when the bearing part of marches and platforms is executed from monolithic ferro-concrete, and steps and protections "put on" a tree. So the limit of fire resistance of a design will increase, having supplied in case of a fire reliability of this major evakuatsionnogo ways.

Certainly, the most beautiful ladders are produced of an oak and a beech. But it is ladders that is called, for people with money. The in itself oak — a material enough expensive, only the initial board used for manufacturing of ladders, costs from $600 to $1000 for cubic metre. It, first of all, also defines a seller’s price of such ladders. More simple — ladders from coniferous breeds of a tree: a pine, a larch.

They are cheaper oak and beechen — coniferous wood dried and high quality costs from $100 to $200 for cubic metre, i.e. the material manages almost in 5 times more cheaply. It is totally received, that the ladder from an oak manages in 2-3 times more expensively, than a ladder from needles of the same sizes and the same drawing. Well, and further all decide possibilities and taste of owners. It is necessary to notice, that the same ladder produced of a pine and from an oak, it is looked absolutely differently.

The customer is always right!

The customer is always right, therefore the firm-manufacturer usually executes all wishes, but sometimes hopelessly spoilt appearance of an item happens a consequence of it. There was one order when a ladder from an oak painted with white enamel. Certainly, the desire of the client to us was clear — all the same the oak differs high wear resistance and such ladder will live longer, than a ladder from coniferous breeds. But as a whole, it, in my opinion, damage of oak wood. After all equally well it was possible to use both plastic and a pine — under a paint coat all the same you will not disassemble.

To enter a ladder in the general design of a premise it it is always uneasy. The most simple variant is when furniture and doors dark (almost black), and walls white. Toniruy a ladder in the same colour, and from "design" you will not drop out. The truth in this case becomes all the same, from what tree those or other subjects of an interior are produced, after all under dark colour morilki it all the same it is not visible. To change subsequently design it is practically impossible — from tonirovannogo to blackness of a tree light any more you will not make, since morilka it was deeply absorbed in a tree. With such design it is necessary to live for the rest of the life. Therefore, before the first wooden subject of an interior «zachernit», it is necessary to think properly.

Besides, a typical trouble of many customers that usually "recollect" a ladder at the last stage of building. Usually keep an aperture 1,5h1,5 metre and consider, that it is possible to enter a comfortable and convenient ladder in such aperture. It is self-deception. It is possible to enter in such aperture only maloudobnuyu and not so beautiful ladder, but to be lifted on it all the same it will be possible. Therefore often enough it is necessary to alter apertures simply.

The first recommendation for those who wishes to make a ladder — the ladder project is necessary for co-ordinating to the house project. That is from the very beginning to mortgage a ladder in the project and not how it does the majority of architects — draws a symbol designating a ladder, and then it appears, that the drawn symbol to a ladder has no relation as to enter it in the kept place it is simply impossible.

There is a huge quota of builders which do not employ any architect, and design all. Happen here and quite sensible projects which are carried out with minimum alterations, but there are also design errors. The best exit — to address behind the project to that firm which will produce subsequently a ladder.

One more error against which it would be desirable to warn individual builders. Now in a fashion metalloderevyannyie ladders, i.e. the ladders having a metal basis, "sheathed" by wooden elements. Many wish to save at construction to a ladder, and try to produce such ladder in the "handicraft" method. As a result each step has own height and width, and the ladder is received maloudobnoy at walking. And all these defects to a covering a tree are not visible. And as soon as it sheathe, at once it becomes visible, that a ladder "too tight and short".

One more important detail — registration of a ladder aperture, that is protection against falling in this aperture. When it appears, that aperture registration costs almost half of price of a ladder, — amazement of the customer happens simply hugely. And, actually, simply all should be done during time.

And last, on what would be desirable to pay attention of readers. Some firms suggest the customer to cover a ladder with a colour varnish. They have arguments in protection of this approach: say, then it is not required multilayered passes morilkoy and other operations requiring the big expenditures of labour. In practice it leads here to that. After a while the varnish will wear out — it "will simply be wiped" at steps. And to restore initial colour of a varnish in house conditions it will be impossible. That is in 4-5 years the ladder will lose the kind.

At a traditional method — toniruetsya a tree, and from above it is covered with a colourless varnish. Any varnish is, of course, erased, whatever strong it was. A difference only that one is erased more fast, and other more slowly. To restore the "wiped" layer of a colourless varnish it is enough to take a brush in hands and to put a new layer. This operation will take all hour-two, and the ladder will look again new. The colour varnish so is easy for restoring it will not be possible. It will dissolve the previous varnish coat and as a result botched work is received.

Finishing the story about ladders, it would be desirable to warn once again our readers about nonprofessionalism: before to begin what or business, address behind advice to experts then also result long time will please you with beauty and durability.

Kotlovan.ru 24.02.2001


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