Progressivnyie technologies. Road to the XXI-st century

Our houses are walls. Walls and windows. Almost half-lives we look at the world through glasses of windows, not musing about covers, about of what they are made. An our times – an epoch of the new technologies, the new materials, new constructive decisions. It concerns not only electronics and rocket production, but also areas quite traditional. And window covers, such, apparently, simple, can serve here as a vivid example for technical progress has made of them the present miracle.
Of what have got used to do windows and oors? A tree, aluminium, a steel, recently – plastic. All these materials in something are good, and in something are not present – in it and the reason of such variety. Here, for example, a tree. First of all, it is tradition. The tree is used from time immemorial, to it have got used. It really excellent construction material: beautiful, easy, easily processed, having low heat conductivity and practically not changing the sizes depending on temperature. But at the same time the tree is insufficiently strong – the big frames with thin cover from it to make it is impossible. The tree is very sensitive to humidity, is inclined to korobleniyu. And, at last, the most important thing: it is subject to rotting, easily amazed with fungi, a moss.
The steel and aluminium is much stronger some wood, are much more durable, are very technological. Anodizing or etching essentially raise corrosion firmness of metals, allowing them to maintain even acid rains. But a steel – a material very heavy, and aluminium is rather expensive. And despite special covers, all the same absolutely from corrosion to be saved it is not possible. But the main thing, metals have high heat conductivity. If in other cases it is big plus, here – property the extremely undesirable. In the winter window covers from a premise sometimes mist over, that, by the way, strengthens corrosion, and at times on them even is formed naled.
Plastics, are more exact thermoplastics, are deprived many defects as tree, and metals. The greatest distribution in practice was received by polyvinylchloride (PVC). Window covers from thermoplastics not korroziruyut, are stable against effect of microorganisms and plants, an atmospheric precipitation, are aesthetic. Heat conductivity at PVC even more low, than at a tree that allows to reduce expenses for dwelling heating essentially. High adaptability to manufacture of this material along with other positive properties has caused wide application of thermoplastics in modern building. But also PVC have certain, very unpleasant defects. The basic defect – ageing: with the course of time in a material there are the irreversible changes considerably worsening it of property. Plastic designs lose and without that low durability, become fragile, are jarred on. Ultra-violet radiation of the Sun, oxygen of air and seasonal fluctuations of temperature accelerate this negative process. Because of ageing even very good window blocks from PVC with special additives seldom have service life more than 10 years. In Moscow cases rastreskivaniya window frames, for example, are already noted at frosts. Besides, polyvinylchloride has very small rigidity because of what window and door profiles should be reinforced metal loose leaves. The big temperature deformations because of what the sizes start to "walk", compel to recustomize at windows all accessories two times a year – in the winter and in the summer. At last, the most unpleasant is that at heating it allocates a considerable quantity of poisonous substances. At a fire it threatens with  destruction to all who is in a premise even without contact with fire. Such cases are already fixed.
There is one more class of the materials applied to window and door blocks. Its occurrence in building – result of progress of modern technologies. It is a question about stekloplastovyih composites, or in a simple way – of fibreglasses. Despite similarity of the name, fibreglasses have very little the general with thermoplastics, including from PVC. These are the composite materials reinforced by glass fibres. In them thermojet pitches – polyester, epoksidnyie and some other are binding. Fibreglasses are used in avia-and rocket production, in other areas.
Fibreglasses, having all positive properties described above materials, at the same time are deprived their defects. Unlike PVC they do not change in due course the properties, are not afraid also of ultra-violet radiation. Low heat conductivity and small temperature deformation as at a tree, durability at steel level, small density, firmness to biological effect and corrosion as at PVC, absolute ecological cleanliness, the big service life (more than 25 years) – all it does a new material irreplaceable in modern building.
Excellent material. But, why its application is limited till now? All business in technology. If profiles, for example, are produced of PVC by a method ekstruzii, that is by prodavlivaniya through the hot form profiles from fibreglass make in another way – a method pultruzii, extending from the hot form. Here always achievement of high accuracy of the sizes of an item was the big problem. For today to solve this problem up to the mark Canadian company Inline Fiberglass Ltd could only., adjusted batch production of window and door profiles from fibreglass on the basis of polyester pitches. By the way, in Russia it has followers.
It is necessary to tell, that at all advantages stekloplastikovyie profiles stand even a little bit less, than the profiles which have received a wide circulation from PVC. It gives the bases to hope, that the new material on dignity will be evaluated both experts, and usual consumers and will soon take a place appropriate to it in the building industry of Russia.The material is granted
Open Company "Fibreglass" Source: the Newspaper "Building" #33 (2004) heading “Stroyinform”

It is introduced: on September, 20th, 2004

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