From coniferous breeds in building the pine, a fur-tree, a larch, a fir, a cedar are used. For manufacturing of bearing designs the pine and a larch more approach, unlike a fur-tree and a fir they are less subject to rotting. In European stroyindustrii because of the prevalence the first place is taken by a pine. Deciduous breeds go to business much less often, from them the oak, an ash, a beech, a birch, an aspen are most applicable.


If attentively to consider a tree trunk cross-section it is possible to distinguish following basc parts - a core (5), wood, kambiy (2) and a bark (1). The core - thin <tube> in the centre of a trunk, it has small durability and easily rots. Wood (a part of a trunk from luba (3) to a core) in a cross-section represents a number of concentric (year) rings round a core.


In the course of growth of a tree of a wall of cages of the wood adjoining a core, gradually change the structure, becoming impregnated at coniferous breeds pitch, and at deciduous - tannins. Movement of juice in this part of a trunk ceases, Wood becomes firmer and less subject to rotting. This part of a trunk at coniferous breeds name a nucleus, and at others - ripe wood. The part of younger wood which is possessed more close to a bark (in it still is live cages), is called zabolonyu (4). It has the big humidity, carry-telno easily rots, differs small durability, it is subject to significant shrinkage and it is inclined to korobleniyu. Breeds at which the nucleus differs from zaboloni more dark colouring and smaller humidity, carry to yadrovyim (a pine, a larch, an oak, a cedar, etc.), At has sung-tree species (a fur-tree, a fir, a beech, a linden, etc.) The central part of a trunk differs from zaboloni only smaller humidity. At zabolonnyih breeds (the birch, a maple, an alder, an aspen, etc.) significant distinction between the central and outside parts of a trunk to notice it is impossible.

So detailed description of a macrostructure of a tree is required further to understand, what purpose is pursued otsilindrovkoy logs yadrovyih breeds - pines and larches. On the microstructure Wood is the natural polymer, cages-fibres forming it have the tubular form and are directed along a trunk. Thanks to it Wood has variety of dignities - high durability, elasticity, small density, and consequently, and small weight, low heat conductivity, firmness to effect chemically excited environments, natural decorative effect, ease and simplicity of processing and installation. Special significance have teploizolyatsionnyie properties of wood: low warmly-provodnost - its indisputable dignity (see the table). The major characteristic teploizolyatsionnyih properties the game - struktsii is the size of thermoresistance establishing connection between physical properties of a material and the thickness of its layer. It is defined as the relation of a thickness of a layer of a material to its factor of heat conductivity.

Koeffitsentyi heat conductivity of the basic construction materials.

Material

Kg/cube density, m

Heat conductivity factor, Vt/m ` C

Ferro-concrete

2500

2.04

Foam concrete

1000

0.47

Laying from a continuous brick: glinyanogocilikatnogokeramicheskogopustotnogo

180018001200

0.810.870.52

Pine and fur-tree: lengthways volokonpoperek fibres

500500

0.350.18

The more thermoresistance of a material of which the house is constructed, the it is warmer.

The superiority of a tree over a brick on teploizolyatsionnyim to properties is obvious: the brick wall in the thickness of 510 mm (in two bricks) has almost same thermoresistance, as well as a wall from a wooden bar in the thickness of 100 mm. However along with dignities wood has defects: anisotropy (its properties sharply differ up and down fibres), defects of structure, hygroscopicity and, as consequence, vlazhnostnyie deformations, zagnivaemost and inflammability.

Most essentially service properties of wooden designs affect hygroscopicity, zagnivaemost and inflammability. To reduction of their negative influence first of all apply drying, impregnation of wood by antiseptics or antipirinami, and also measures on prevention of humidifying of designs while in service (protection against an atmospheric precipitation; isolation from a ground, a stone, concrete; the system of good natural ventilation etc.) . Now for antiseptic and antipirinovoy wood processings structure KSD which has come in the stead earlier widely applied propitochnyim to structures MS, software, PPL is applied. From century to century in Russia skilfully cut wooden structures, adjusting a log to a log, komel to vershinke, skilfully eliminating thus natural sbeg a wood trunk. With expansion of scales of construction simplification of technological process was required. The decision has come in a kind otsilindrovannogo logs (with identical diameter on all its constructional length) and strogannogo - a bar.

The mechanised technologies otsilindrovyivaniya were applied in Russia and abroad already at the beginning of the century. Wooden houses because of reduction of number of operations at assemblage began to build easier and more fast, besides, use otsilindrovannogo logs has allowed to create more rigid design at assemblage. As the log to a log is adjusted more densely, improve teploizolyatsionnyie properties of walls, and the building looks more aesthetic.

For manufacturing otsilindrovannogo logs and profilirovannogo the bar which has come in the stead usual four-kantnomu, in basic the pine is used. At otsilindrovke by this classical yadrovoy breeds more friable is cut off zabolon and there is firmer nucleus impregnated with pitch. The log from it only wins.

Cutting zaboloni leads to one more positive effect - to reduction of width of cracks at drying, that, in turn, improves a thermal protection of walls. With rastreskivaniem logs struggle purposefully, provoking occurrence of cracks in vertical plainly-sti. For this purpose along a log do the superficial vertical has spent on drink.

At otsilindrovke, and also at manufacturing profilirovannogo a bar high cleanliness of a processed surface is reached, Wood becomes extremely smooth, that allows not to apply additional materials to internal and external furnish of buildings and, hence, to avoid superfluous expenses.

Fashion-makers in production otsilindrovannogo logs, profilirovannogo a bar and building from them houses consider the Finnish firms.



Profile otsilindrovannogo a log made by leading firms, yes-lek from a traditional round profile Modern profiles have special klinovyie locks which together with a heater, for-kladyvaemym between logs, reliably protect the house from a wind and a moisture.


At erection of buildings from otsilindrovannogo logs and profilirovannogo a bar for a fastening of designs apply (as well as at traditional technologies of assemblage) nageli, bolts, hairpins, skobyi, and also adjustable anchors. The collected house is given necessarily to a deposit, but by it much less, than at the house from usual logs. Decrease in size deposits is promoted by a compulsory coupler of a design. As the house is made of well processed material, he basically does not require additional furnish, in it it is possible to live almost right after its erections.

The natural structure of wood creates special drawing of walls and as Wood of operational humidity the house at once it is possible okra-sit outside is used. It in addition protects wood from moisture penetration.

The wooden house from otsilindrovannogo logs and profilirovannogo a bar is fast erected and harmless, it combines rather low cost with high field performances. The natural beauty of a tree and imagination of the architect allow to create from this material on - modern comfortable zago-native houses and cottages. All aforesaid has made these wooden houses very popular as abroad, and at us in the country.

Source: http://stroi.rus-portal.ru