Professionalnaya equipment for builders

The important factor of protection of the person on a building site is the professional equipment. Job safety and its productivity, a psychological spirit largely depend on it working and their appearance.

Long years in Russia submissions about working clothes were reduced to poor black uniforms or grey special clthes. Fortunately, the last years there was an understanding of that the professional clothes execute different functions. Today the professional clothes are not simply strong clothes which dress for fulfilment of industrial responsibilities. Requests to its quality become more and more high, especially concerning maintenance of comfort, increase of protective properties, duration of service life, ease and simplicity of care, elegance and conformity to fashionable tendencies.

The overalls are not only one of permanent assets of an individual defence of the person, but also the effective tool of social policy and corporate safety of the enterprise. On the one hand, issuing working clothes and protecting the employees from environment effect, the enterprise conducts certain social policy, carries out of the obligations to workers and company. On the other hand, at those enterprises (or divisions) where there is a direct contact of workers to the consumer, the professional clothes execute a role of the advertising carrier, an element of corporate style of the enterprise.

Main function of overalls - protection of the builder against external adverse factors: from the mechanical damages raised and lowered temperatures, an electric current, a dust, water, toxic substances, acids, alkalis, petroleum, the general industrial pollution.

The clothes should be strong, practical and convenient, serve certain time without damages. Convenience of use of professional clothes depends on obligatory conformity of its details to the sizes and the form of a human body, and not only in a statics, but also in dynamics as the clothes which are holding down movements or heavy, cause undue fatigability and irritability of the person, that not only affects mood of the worker, but also reduces labour efficiency. It is necessary, that the good state of health and working capacity of the person on a building site were saved within all working day. Thus it is desirable, that the clothes pleased an eye with modern breed, pleasant colour scale.

It is necessary to notice, that the professional clothes meeting the requests set forth above, it is possible to produce only from the modern fabrics having high consumer properties.

The basic share in range of the fabrics used for tailoring of special and professional clothes, is taken by mixed fabrics. A widespread method of their production is use in the course of weaving of threads of different fibrous structure. Their natural properties, in particular, hygroscopicity are thus considered. Under standard conditions (humidity of air of 65 %, temperature 20 °S) it makes: for a clap of 4-5 %, flax - 12 %, viscose - 14 %, a wool - 17-18 %, a polyether - 2 %, polyamide - 4 %. We will take, for example, a fabric which on one system of threads (on a basis) has a polyester thread, and on other (on a duck) - a clap or viscose. As more often fabrics for overalls are produced sarzhevyim by an interlacing, on one party (for example,) polyester threads, and on other (iznanochnoy) - viscose or cotton will be obverse. The availability of a clap or viscose on a wrong side supplies good vpityivanie a moisture (body evaporations). However evaporation of a redundant moisture is interfered by polyester threads on a face sheet which have small hygroscopicity. Process of heat exchange of the person is as a result infringed and there is a hotbed effect.

The progressive textile enterprises gradually depart from clap or polyether mixing in threads. Technology of mixing of fibres in a yarn - more expensive, long, but also more effective method of production in which result the homogeneous yarn is received. The fabric created from such yarn, combines dignities both synthetic, and natural materials: to high wear resistance and durability high hygroscopicity, good heat exchange and air permeability is added. The fabrics having good air permeability, promote a fast and reliable conclusion of redundant heat outside. Thus inflow of fresh air outside promotes creation of the temperature balance necessary for good state of health. Choosing mixed fabrics with the raised contents of a polyester fibre (67 % PE and 33 % of viscose or a clap) or with the raised contents of a clap (40 % PE and 60 % h/b, 50 % h/b and 50 % PE) it is possible to find the optimum structure approaching for required use conditions.

The important property of fabrics from which sew professional clothes, absence pillinga (at the expense of use of smooth polyester threads and dlinnovoloknistogo a clap) is. Nesminaemost items possibility not to iron an item after washing is supplied with processing by preparation Teflontm or other preparations supplying good restoration of folds.

One of vital issues of fabrics for overalls is usadka after washing or a dry-cleaner. To erase working clothes to builders it is necessary not less often than an once in a week (in some cases even more often, for example, to house painters and shtukaturam). That items while in service, washings and socks did not change the linear sizes, manufacturers process their method sanforizatsii (compulsory usadki mechanical by) or make malousadochnuyu furnish.

Ease of care of items largely depends on ease otstiryivaniya pollution. This property partially at the expense of a round profile of threads and partially at the expense of furnish (in particular, gryazeudalyayuschey furnish) is supplied. The availability of such furnish for fabrics from which sew clothes for physicians, pharmacists, workers of the food-processing industry is especially important.

Maslovodoottalkivayuschie properties have the fabrics processed by furnish Teflontm, Skotchgardtm, MVO and others. Thanking these measures the fabric acquires water-and masloottalkivayuschie properties. Such fabric passes steams of sweat from pododezhnogo spaces, but detains oil pollution and water from the outside.

How builders put on? The traditional suit includes a jacket and a semioveralls (sometimes a jacket and trousers), working footwear and individual defence means (depending on a speciality).

In spite of the fact that the professional clothes are manufactured various colours, practice shows, that builders prefer suits of is bright-dark blue colour, sometimes with orange furnish. SHtukaturyi and house painters (especially foreign) prefer clothes of white colour. For the purpose of increase of safety people on building put on the alarm waistcoats produced of a bright orange fabric. On jackets, semioveralls (or trousers), alarm waistcoats are sewed special svetootrazhayuschie strips.

The suit of the mason, except a jacket and semioveralls (or trousers), includes a helmet, high boots (more often from yufti) with a leather sole, mittens with naladonnikom.

In a suit of the carpenter there should be many convenient, strong pockets (sometimes for this purpose put on a special waistcoat with hinged pockets).

For the works connected with impregnation of wood, canvas suits and naplechniki, and also rubber gloves are used.

SHtukaturyi and house painters use suits from water-proof fabrics - jackets, trousers, berets or kerchiefs, and for protection of bodies of breath against harmful evaporations - respirators of different designs.

Electricians for protection against a static electricity put on in suits from a fabric with antistatic carbon (bikarbolonovyimi) threads. These threads are built in fabric structure by the square cells creating the closed electric contour. Thanks to application of modern production processes and an original structure of fabrics, specific superficial electric resistance reaches 7,4 h 104 Ohm. At work with a high voltage dielectric gloves, galoshes and bahilyi, rubber rugs are used.

The clothes for welders (a jacket, trousers, mittens) are produced from spilka or a canvas with fire-resistant impregnation (sometimes with inserts from spilka), footwear - on a fire-resistant sole, and a head protect the person special guards and masks.

For installation works and the works made at height, except special equipment (assembly belts, various fastenings, cords, cats and so on), the special footwear which would fix a shin, not allowing to turn up is necessary for a foot, and also canvas suits.

Suits of loaders and ancillary workers are often supplemented with mittens and respirators as at auxiliary works a lot of dust is formed.

Oblitsovschiki carry semioveralls, jackets, rubber chuni, and also prorezinennyie aprons. Kneecaps canvas, mittens combined, respirators and points protective.

The suit of the washerman includes prorezinennyiy an apron, oversleeves, rubber boots and gloves.

Drobilschiki, except a usual suit, use goggles and the combined mittens.

During the cold period the suit of the builder is supplemented with the warmed jackets, trousers (or semioveralls), boots (or valenoks), mittens.

Main request to footwear for builders - reliability and durability. For a number of trades the availability in footwear metal podnoska, supplying protection against traumas and bruises is obligatory.

The range of means for protection of hands is wide enough - from traditional mittens and gloves from a canvas, a clap (with canvas naladonnikami) to the advanced gloves with cover on a basis nitrila, the latex, stable against oils and lubricants, acids, alkalis.

Who supplies the builder with necessary equipment? Now the building organisations have choice possibility. Suppliers of professional clothes, spetsobuvi and SIZ firms of four types are:

• Firms-intermediaries which have no own production and place orders for overalls manufacturing in GUINah. Use of cheap, almost free manpower reserves stipulates low cost of these clothes, however and the degree of quality of items too is very low.
• The enterprises placing orders for tailoring of working clothes on garment factories, being in regions Russian Federations. The enterprises are compelled to resort to such not to the most convenient method of the organisation of production for cost reduction of items, maintenance of the competitiveness. Unfortunately, the majority of the building enterprises, compelled to purchase overalls on a low price, use firms of first two types.
• The foreign companies realising production in Russia: American companies "Duponts" (clothes for protection against heats, disposable clothes) and "Ansel Edmont" (gloves of various types), the French firm "Ekel sekyurite" (working footwear) and so on. Production from the far abroad countries traditionally differs a choice quality, however is thus inaccessible under the price. The share of the market of this segment while is insignificant.
• The enterprises specialising on issue of professional clothes. The given enterprises, as a rule, care of the reputation, about quality of manufactured items, automate production, will certificate production and actively offer it in the market.

Unconditionally, for the companies actively developing corporate culture of the business, seriously and responsibly concerning the organisation of production and increase of its safety, cooperation with manufacturers of overalls of 4th type is highly effective and economic.

With. V.Samarin, k.t.n.
The article is granted by the journal of modern building technologies "Red line"