O some aspects of construction of the distributed control systems on the basis of technology LONWORKS

In the report the class of the industrial distributed operating networks (fieldbus) is presented. For them that is set of the systems working in one system is characteristic, on uniform algorithm and carrying out a problem of management and monitoring of all system. Technology LonWorks represents the hardware-software technology, allowing to build systems of the distributed management on the basis of microprocessor systems. The operating network constructed on the basis of LonWorks, considerably and essentially differs from traditional sstems in which the information is concentrated in the operating computer. Operating and program components of network LON are dispersed in separate LON systems therefore the network does not require any centralised direction. Technology functioning bases on two main principles, this interaction and interchangeability. Interaction means complete integration of systems of different manufacturers without use additional hardware and the software, and interchangeability means possibility of replacement of one system on production of other manufacturer without entering of any changes into system.

On the basis of technology LonWorks, and at use of primary automatics and controllers of various firms-manufacturers, firm "Arctic regions" develops typical decisions for systems of the distributed management for following objects: a conference hall, an office of the chief, office space (to 20 jobs), office space (to 50 jobs), a hotel room, a cottage a total area to 1500 m І, a cottage a total area to 3000 m І. Typical decisions include management of systems of ventilation and air-conditioning, heating, illumination, a control of access and the fire alarm system. The description of functionality of systems of the distributed management on an example of hardware-software complex CENTRAL for a central air is presented.

System of local management — network knot in structure SPIDER CENTRAL. The Maximum quantity of such knots is defined by topology of the local computer network and specifications on LON.
Functions of system of local management:

Reception and preliminary processing of the information from gauges;
Independent working off in real time of algorithms of regulation of temperature, humidity and pressure;
Choice of a method of management;

  • Management of work of executive mechanisms;
    The condition control teploobmennyih units, instant switching-off at occurrence of emergencies and switching-off on commands of system of fire safety;
    Support of network communication with an automated workplace of the dispatcher;
    Input of the established significance of parametres as distantsionno from an automated workplace of the dispatcher, and from the operating module and off-line operation without communication with an automated workplace of the dispatcher.

    Functions of system of the distributed management:

    Information interchange on a network communication channel with the independent systems of local management established in various premises of object and the multiwindow graphic interface with the operator;
    Display of topology of object with instructions of the location of systems of local management;
    The remote task of parametres for local control systems;
    Display mnemoshemyi the engineering equipment with indication of significances of gauges;
    Display of schedules of transients for each local control system;
    Display of the list of active failures and management and display on demand of the journal of failures;
    Archive of functioning of each of local control systems;
    Viewing of contemporary records and protection against not authorised access;

    Now firm "Arctic regions" has started to introduce in the projects the new decision in the field of network management of air central airs. It is system of zone air-conditioning of firm «MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC» «CityMulti». The basic difference of this system from similar to it, is availability of a LON-sluice, which connects an internal network «City Multi» (between internal and outside blocks) to an external LON-network. It is qualitatively new approach to the decision of a problem of network management of a central air.

    Earlier for management of system of a microclimate of a building it was necessary to solve a problem of teamwork of system of ventilation and air central air. Often it was practically insuperable problem as automatics of management not always correctly worked as the conditioner with automatics of system of ventilation. That systems could work in common and exchange among themselves the information the computer was often used. The scheme of management of a microclimate could look as follows (a Fig. 1):
    At such scheme the computer represents itself as a sluice, and the exchange between networks is carried out through it. Defects of such decision are obvious:
    • At computer switching-off communication between networks breaks.
    • Realisation of communications between networks lays down on shoulders of the programmer, and it requires additional expenditures of time and means.
    • Acquisition expenses of two network adapters (for a Lon-network and for M-Net) and the licence software for each system.
    • Complexities with installation and the further service.

    Now the decision of a problem of interaction of networks, thanks to a sluice between M-Net and Lon has hardly become simpler. Now the scheme of management of a microclimate looks so (a Fig. 2):

    Advantages of such construction of a network are obvious:

    • The computer in this case becomes the remote console and is necessary only for information display. He does not participate in algorithm of work of a network. Thus, computer switching-off will not affect working capacity of a network.
    • Creation of communications between controllers of ventilation and system «City Multi» has much become simpler. The standard tool konfigurirovaniya networks — LonMaker is for this purpose used.
    • Necessity to have some network adapters and a considerable quantity of the licence software on an automated workplace of the dispatcher has disappeared.
    • Service, konfigurirovanie, creation of communications, addition/removal of new knots of a network is carried out by the uniform program tool.

    The applied software of an operating complex functions under the management, built in the controller of an operating system of real time and the specialised software developed on the basis of package NodeBuilder and according to standard functional profiles HVAC LonMark. Communication in the distributed network is carried out under protocol LonTalk firms ECHELON (USA). As means konfigurirovaniya software package LonMaker ECHELON is used. The automated workplace of the dispatcher is realised on the basis of SCADA systems InnoVision32. Orientation at its designing on control systems of the engineering networks, a complete openness and interchangeability conducts to that use of technology LonWorks allows the client to have the most important thing that it has been deprived at application of traditional technologies of management, namely — equipment and software choice of supplier. Such approach is realised in typical decisions which are offered by firm "Arctic regions". Flexibility of technology defines the big variety of suppliers. The choice of the equipment, the software necessary for the decision of a problem of management is done by engineering networks proceeding, first of all of an optimality of a parity functionality/reliability/quality.
    Luksha V. L, firm "Arctic regions" Source: HEAT&VENT FORUM MOSCOW 2002

    It is introduced: on January, 14th, 2003

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