Mobilnyie photo-electric systems

There comes the end of an era of cheap energy on the basis of traditional fuel. Every year in the world so much petroleum is consumed, how many it is formed naturally for 2 million years. It is necessary to change principles and directions of development of the Russian power to supply its sustainable development in the future.
There are only two long-term energy sources is nuclear and solar. The last 10 years in the world huge positive experience on the organisation independent energosberezheniya individual and collective consumrs of the electric power is accumulated. It is possible by transformation of a solar energy in electric by means of solar photo-electric panels.
The solar battery (the photo-electric generator, reformative energy of a sunlight in electric energy) has been applied for the first time 1958 on «Sputnike-3».
Since then on all space vehicles, except transport spaceships with a small resource of independent flight, primary sources of the electric power solar batteries are.
Application of solar batteries stimulated development of photo-electric power in space, and the last decades to be used the photopower began more and more widely in land conditions.
Use of solar batteries of low power as a power supply source maloenergoemkih devices: calculators, hours etc. - the most widespread direction of photopower. Other direction - use of solar batteries of significant capacity (hundred and thousand Vt) for electrosupply of the independent objects possessed far from electric mains where other methods of electrosupply are impossible or economically inexpedient. Thus, it is possible to solve a problem of electrosupply not only inhabited objects (illumination, the refrigerator power supply, radio, the TV and other electrodevices), but also some maloenergoemkih objects of industrial and economic appointment (radio repeaters and other objects of communication, navigating signs, reserve sources of the uninterrupted power supply, the alarm system, water elevating installations, etc.).
As a rule, in such systems solar batteries are used together with buffer accumulators that supplies stable power supply of consumers at any time and without dependence from daily and weather change of intensity of a sunlight. The photo-electric system, besides solar batteries, accumulators and energopotrebiteley, usually contains the device of the electronic control excluding a recharge of the accumulator and its deep charge. In photo-electric systems economic consumers are usually applied. For example, luminescent lamps instead of lamps nakalivaniya.
In cases when it is necessary to receive an alternating current, use inverters. For example, the inverter can transform a direct current with pressure in 12 In to an alternating current with pressure 220 In, 50 Hz.
There is one more circuit decision when energy of solar batteries will be transformed to an alternating current with pressure 220 In and is given to the electric system. Unlike electrosupply of independent consumers such projects allow to fill partially day shortage of the electric power in industrial regions.
In some cases combined use of various methods of reception of energy is applied: a combination of photopower and vetroenergetiki, a combination of photo-electric systems to solar power plants (for example, with solar collectors), and also inclusion in system of reserve low-power diesel engines-generators. The configure of system and its characteristics is made with allowance for the time profile of prospective load of consumers (to daily allowances, month, annual) and is suitable-klimaticheskimi region conditions. On the basis of these data account of capacity of storage batteries is carried out and requests to the completing storage equipment are defined.
Creation of mobile solar portable batteries with the established capacity from several Vt to several hundreds Vt and stationary with the established capacity to several kw, as a matter of fact, has defined creation of mobile solar stations. All portable devices, systems and the installations, which food are carried out from accumulators of various type and various capacity, acquire new consumer qualities - instead of use stationary zaryadnyih systems or complete sets of replaceable accumulators there is a possibility of use mobile zaryadnyih systems in so-called field conditions.
Today it is inconvenient even to designate all spheres of use of mobile photo-electric systems - they can be used as zaryadnoe the system for portable portable computers, portable radio-and television equipment, devices geological, chemical and radiation survey, portable systems of illumination and even additional charge of accumulators of means of transport.
Mobile solar batteries were used by climbers for gymnastics of accumulators of communication facilities at an ascension to the Everest. Several years ago D.Shparo used folding portable solar batteries for gymnastics of accumulators of communication facilities and a videocamera during the ski campaign to the North Pole.
The crew of an ocean yacht "Apostle Andrey" during round-the-world travel used folding solar batteries as the reserve power supply. During this travel the crew had to take advantage of this reserve source after a whole gale. The capital equipment has appeared filled in with water, and the crew could contact only by means of emergency radio station, zapitannoy from the solar battery.
Mobile photo-electric systems were tested military men in flat and mountain territories of Russia and Kazakhstan for gymnastics of accumulators of regular radio stations of various type. In their opinion, use mobile solar zaryadnyih systems raises taktiko-specifications of the mobile communication facilities which are on arms.

THE BASIC STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN TECHNOLOGIES
IN THE FIELD OF THE PHOTOELECTRICITY
1958 the first companion with solar batteries Has been started.
1964 In desert the Penalty-godfather near to Ashkhabad in Turkmenia has been tested the solar battery with concentrators capacity of 0,25 kw for rising of water.
1967 the new class of photoconverters - multitransitive and solar high-voltage elements from silicon Has been developed.
1970 Technology of ionic implantation began to be applied in production of solar elements.
1970 the technology of photoconverters with bilateral sensitivity Has been developed.
1975 there Have passed tests solar batteries the area 1 m2 pressure 32 kV for the ionic-plasma engine.
1975 the technology of solar elements on the basis of GaAIAs-GaAs Is developed. In 1981 these elements have been used in the lunar space program.
1980 the technology of solar multitransitive elements on the basis of GaAIAs-GaAs Has been developed.
1984 In Ashkhabad the photo-electric system by capacity of 10 kw with plastic parabolic concentrators has been established.
1985 For transformation of laser radiation by solar elements has been reached EFFICIENCY in 36 %.
1989 In Krasnodar territory the "solar" village by capacity of 40 kw has been constructed.
1989 the special "know-how" of solar elements of land application Has been developed.
1993 Has been reached EFFICIENCY in 30 % for solar cascade elements on the basis of GaAIAs-GaAs heterostructures on germanievoy to a substrate. New classes holographic, prizmaticheskih, parabolic concentrators and optical systems on their basis have been developed.
1999 the technology of reception of solar silicon Is developed nizkotemperaturnaya beshlornaya.
A.A. THE POLYDIGNITY,
The doctor of physical and mathematical sciences Source: "the Building Season" #44 (2002)

It is introduced: on December, 16th, 2002

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