CHtobyi ears have not got tired
Sound and noise isolation are a component of protection against negative effect of environment. In many countries in a legislative order as much as possible admissible noise level in many areas of our life is already established. However there are still areas (for example, road and transport movement) which wait for the turn.
Sound insulation is necessary, as intensive acoustic effect is dangerous to all live. People are often treated to action of noise of the house, in the street, on work, during rest. As a result they become aggrssive, test stress and after a while lose hearing. Hearing loss is today the second most widespread professional illness. It practically cannot be restored, as the internal ear is exposed to destruction. Certainly, it is possible to be protected from negative effect of noise, using special ear-phones. However their use can be limited owing to those silt of other industrial reasons. Besides, in the street, at stadium, at the airport almost nobody carries ear-phones. In these cases noise it is necessary to struggle in other methods. The exit is offered here by the acoustic materials presented in wide range which lower noise level before it will reach a human ear, supplying ideal sound insulation. Inclusion of all necessary actions for maintenance of qualitative sound insulation at the stage of designing and building raises a total cost of building at least in one and a half time. Therefore many neglect this action or use at all improper for this purpose materials. But in the market there were multipurpose inexpensive acoustic materials (For example, products Teroson). Therefore it is not necessary to save on health.
Main principles of acoustics
Noise
Any sound of high intensity depressing people.
Sound
The sound is result of the mechanical fluctuation arising and transmitted in the elastic environment.
The basic types of a sound
The sound extending in air
Extends extensively with identical speed of 0,3 km/s. With increase in distance intensity of a sound decreases.
The sound extending in the firm environment
Extends extensively with various speed.
Methods of protection against negative effect of a sound
The sound can be isolated or absorbed following methods:
Absorption of the sound extending in a firm body
Absorption of the sound extending in a firm body, is based on transformation of a part of energy of sound waves into thermal energy at passage of these waves through homogeneous layers of a firm body. At measurement of absorption of a sound «the factor of losses» is entered so-called.
Isolation of the sound extending in a firm body
Isolation of the sound extending in a firm body, is carried out by means of elastic sound-proof materials. The more softly and thicker a layer of such material, the better sound insulation.
Absorption of the sound extending in air
The part of energy of sound waves turns to thermal energy at passage of these waves through sound-proof materials. The thicker the layer of such materials, the is better sound absorption.
Isolation of the sound extending in air
The sound extending in air, is partially reflected from walls and, losing energy, extends in the opposite direction. Than massivnee and the the wall, the better sound insulation is more elastic.
In practice the given methods are applied in a complex. First of all to struggle follows with dominating sound effect.
Sound measurement
The sound is measured in decibels by a measuring instrument of level of the sound, the equipped special filter. As reference level of a sound so-called level is accepted "And".
Factor of losses «d»
Absorbing ability of materials is measured by factor of losses d. It shows, what quantity of wave energy was absorbed and has turned to thermal energy. The factor of losses depends on frequency of sound waves and temperature of an absorbing material. In practice d = 0,1 it is considered optimum in the ratio cost and efficiency of absorbing materials.
Degree of absorption of the sound extending in air
Degree of absorption of a sound materials is defined by what part of energy of sound waves is absorbed and turns to thermal energy. Degree of absorption of a sound depends on frequency of sound waves. The below their frequency the be thicker owe absorbing material.
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