Boremsya with a condensate at plastic windows
On norms the temperature of internal air in premises should be not more low +18°S, in a number of regions Territorial Building Norm (TSN), ordered temperature of premises not more low +20°S are accepted. If temperature below standard it is necessary to check heating system because it can serve as the reason of loss of a condensate.
Condensate obrazovyivaetsya first of all on a double-glazed window bottom. Owing to konvektsii cold air accumulates in the bottom part between glasses. Therefore, a bottom and the bottom corners of a double-glazed window - the coldest parts of a modern window design. As the question on a regional zone arises often Gosstroy of the Russian Federation has given an explanation on this problem in the letter #9-28/200 from 21.03.2002:
"1. Condensate loss in regional zones on an internal surface of double-glazed windows during the winter period of operation, as a rule, is connected with availability in their design of an aluminium remote framework and conditions konvektsii gazo-air filling.
The international norms (ISO standards, EN) suppose time formation of a condensate on internal glass of a double-glazed window.
But standards on window blocks do not ration condensate formation as this phenomenon depends on a complex of foreign factors: humidity of air indoors, design features of knots of adjunctions of the window blocks, insufficient konvektsii air on internal glass (because of wide podokonnoy boards, wrong installation of heating devices), etc.
Thus GOST 24866-99 does not suppose loss of a condensate in a double-glazed window as which it is necessary to consider as a major defect leading to decrease of rationed field performances ".
As to the raised humidity of air for this phenomenon such principal causes are characteristic:
- Insufficient air exchange in connection with too dense windows and, as consequence, bad work of exhaust ventilation.
- The raised humidity of building designs because of recently complete building or repair work. Building designs save a moisture one - two years after closing-up!
- Features of household behaviour of inhabitants. For example, a greenhouse on a window sill or drying of children’s diapers on kitchen …
New norms SNiP 23-02-03 "THERMAL PROTECTION of BUILDINGS" have defined settlement parametres of relative humidity of premises for dew-point and request definition to temperature on an internal surface of windows:
5.9… For definition of temperature of a dew-point in places teploprovodnyih inclusions of protecting designs, in corners and window slopes, and also antiaircraft lanterns, it is necessary to accept Relative humidity of internal air:
- For premises of residential buildings, medical institutions, clinics, out-patient-polyclinic establishments, maternity hospitals, houses-boarding schools for aged and invalids, general educational children’s schools, kindergartens, a day nursery, a day nursery-gardens (combines) and children’s homes - 55 %, for premises of kitchens - 60 %, for bathrooms - 65 %, for warm cellars and undergrounds with communications - 75 %;
- For warm attics of residential buildings - 55 %;
- For premises of public buildings (except above-stated) - 50 %.
5.10 Temperature of an internal surface of constructive elements ostekleniya windows of buildings (except industrial) should be not more low plus 3°C, and opaque elements of windows - not below dew-point temperature at settlement temperature of outside air during the cold period of year, for industrial buildings - not below zero °C.
What else errors can lead to condensate occurrence? It is necessary to check up a premise on availability of a cold surface!
The reasons of occurrence of cold surfaces can be connected with resistance to a heat transfer and with blowing off of designs. They can be the following:
Errors in manufacturing of windows:
1. The "cold" double-glazed window with low resistance to a heat transfer, mismatching norms is established.
2. Infringement of admissions “faltslyufta”, use of non-standard consolidation or wrong installation of loops - the reasons conducting to blowings off of a window.
3. In not opening shutters water taking away apertures in the size 5h20 mm instead of apertures for cavity drainage between edges of double-glazed windows and folds of profiles in the size 5h10 or no more than 8 mm are executed diameter. That is STATE THAT is a question of position infringement 30674-99, item 5.9.5 and item 5.9.6 on system of ventilating and water taking away apertures. On this theme we dispatched the letter, and we wish to remind once again: on STATE THAT is water taking away, and there are ventilating apertures. These are different types of apertures! In the letter of Gosstroy of Russia #475 from 10.09.02 in item 2 it is indicated, that "at not opening shutters the sizes and an arrangement of apertures in the bottom profile of a box should not promote overcooling of the bottom edge of a double-glazed window". The mess in this question is connected frequently with terminology: in GOSTah there is no concept "deaf" osteklenie or a window, and there is a concept "not opening shutter"! That is in that variant which in household speech we name "a deaf window or osteklenie" on terminology of norms - "not opening shutter"!
Installation errors
1. Errors at fulfilment of an assembly seam: partial zapenivanie, that lowers resistance to a heat transfer; bad protection against climatic effects outside, that leads to blowings off or namokaniyu foams; absence or bad paroizolyatsiya, that also leads namokaniyu a heater, but already the ferry from a premise.
2. "The cold bridge" when because of wrong designing of knot of an adjunction the window gets in cold, sometimes even in a negative temperature zone of a wall. This reason meets often at occurrence of a plentiful condensate.
3. Blowings off through a wall design, for example, brick, through empty seams - “pustoshovku”. It is possible to face such phenomenon on houses of the socialist period - builders badly filled in vertical seams. But it became a problem and in new building at multilayered walls when mineral cotton wool is outside closed by a brick or other facing. In this case the heater should be ventilated, and when windows are put in a heater plane they can undergo to effect of cold air from adjunction knot. In this case it is better at installation a wall from adjunction knot to separate a layer of the made foam polyethylene in the thickness of 6-10 mm.
4. The wide window sill interferes konvektsii warm air from a radiator in a window aperture.
Hence we can give following advice for removal of possibility of occurrence of a condensate:
If all the same the condensate became a consequence of the raised humidity of air this reason is necessary for eliminating because of increase of probability of occurrence indoors plesnevogo a fungus. For fall of humidity of air in premises and carrying over of a dew-point to area of lower temperatures, we recommend installation of climatic valve "Support-ejr" or airing of a premise within 10 minutes two times a day.
Heat losses at such airing are insignificant even during the winter period and make no more than 3 degrees.
Intensity of airing of a premise is necessary for increasing at realisation of repair work.
The window sill should not be very wide and interfere with passage of warm air.
For passage of warm air to a window, possess curtains on some distance from a window sill.
Decorative screens on heating radiators should not interfere with passage of thermal streams from radiators.
It is necessary to check periodically exhaust ventilation system in your house or apartment.
One of the most effective methods of struggle against a condensate will be installation of a window with the five-chamber system "Favourite" developed by firm "THYSSEN POLYMER GmbH" (Germany) specially for Russia.
The temperature on an internal surface of profiles directly depends on resistance to a heat transfer of profile system. For an example it is possible to consider two cases - at outside temperature-26? With and at-31? With (at internal +20? With and relative humidity of 55 %). The Dew-point will make thus +10,7? S.Temperatury on surfaces of typical cover (three chambers and width nearby 60mm) and five-chamber cover with resistance to a heat transfer 0,78 m2? With/vt will be the following:
Boremsya with a condensate at plastic windows
On norms the temperature of internal air in premises should be not more low +18°S, in a number of regions Territorial Building Norms (TSN), ordered temperature of premises not more low +20°Sare accepted. If temperature below standard it is necessary to check heating system because it can serve as the reason of loss of a condensate.
Condensate obrazovyivaetsya first of all on a double-glazed window bottom. Owing to konvektsii cold air accumulates in the bottom part between glasses. Therefore, a bottom and the bottom corners of a double-glazed window - the coldest parts of a modern window design. As the question on a regional zone arises often Gosstroy of the Russian Federation has given an explanation on this problem in the letter #9-28/200 from 21.03.2002:
"1. Condensate loss in regional zones on an internal surface of double-glazed windows during the winter period of operation, as a rule, is connected with availability in their design of an aluminium remote framework and conditions konvektsii gazo-air filling.
The international norms (ISO standards, EN) suppose time formation of a condensate on internal glass of a double-glazed window.
But standards on window blocks do not ration condensate formation as this phenomenon depends on a complex of foreign factors: humidity of air indoors, design features of knots of adjunctions of the window blocks, insufficient konvektsii air on internal glass (because of wide podokonnoy boards, wrong installation of heating devices), etc.
Thus GOST 24866-99 does not suppose loss of a condensate in a double-glazed window as which it is necessary to consider as a major defect leading to decrease of rationed field performances ".
As to the raised humidity of air for this phenomenon such principal causes are characteristic:
- Insufficient air exchange in connection with too dense windows and, as consequence, bad work of exhaust ventilation.
- The raised humidity of building designs because of recently complete building or repair work. Building designs save a moisture one - two years after closing-up!
- Features of household behaviour of inhabitants. For example, a greenhouse on a window sill or drying of children’s diapers on kitchen …
New norms SNiP 23-02-03 "THERMAL PROTECTION of BUILDINGS" have defined settlement parametres of relative humidity of premises for dew-point and request definition to temperature on an internal surface of windows:
5.9… For definition of temperature of a dew-point in places teploprovodnyih inclusions of protecting designs, in corners and window slopes, and also antiaircraft lanterns, it is necessary to accept Relative humidity of internal air:
- For premises of residential buildings, medical institutions, clinics, out-patient-polyclinic establishments, maternity hospitals, houses-boarding schools for aged and invalids, general educational children’s schools, kindergartens, a day nursery, a day nursery-gardens (combines) and children’s homes - 55 %, for premises of kitchens - 60 %, for bathrooms - 65 %, for warm cellars and undergrounds with communications - 75 %;
- For warm attics of residential buildings - 55 %;
- For premises of public buildings (except above-stated) - 50 %.
5.10 Temperature of an internal surface of constructive elements ostekleniya windows of buildings (except industrial) should be not more low plus 3°C, and opaque elements of windows - not below dew-point temperature at settlement temperature of outside air during the cold period of year, for industrial buildings - not below zero °C.
What else errors can lead to condensate occurrence? It is necessary to check up a premise on availability of a cold surface!
The reasons of occurrence of cold surfaces can be connected with resistance to a heat transfer and with blowing off of designs. They can be the following:
Errors in manufacturing of windows:
1. The "cold" double-glazed window with low resistance to a heat transfer, mismatching norms is established.
2. Infringement of admissions “faltslyufta”, use of non-standard consolidation or wrong installation of loops - the reasons conducting to blowings off of a window.
3. In not opening shutters water taking away apertures in the size 5h20 mm instead of apertures for cavity drainage between edges of double-glazed windows and folds of profiles in the size 5h10 or no more than 8 mm are executed diameter. That is STATE THAT is a question of position infringement 30674-99, item 5.9.5 and item 5.9.6 on system of ventilating and water taking away apertures. On this theme we dispatched the letter, and we wish to remind once again: on STATE THAT is water taking away, and there are ventilating apertures. These are different types of apertures! In the letter of Gosstroy of Russia #475 from 10.09.02 in item 2 it is indicated, that "at not opening shutters the sizes and an arrangement of apertures in the bottom profile of a box should not promote overcooling of the bottom edge of a double-glazed window". The mess in this question is connected frequently with terminology: in GOSTah there is no concept "deaf" osteklenie or a window, and there is a concept "not opening shutter"! That is in that variant which in household speech we name "a deaf window or osteklenie" on terminology of norms - "not opening shutter"!
Installation errors
1. Errors at fulfilment of an assembly seam: partial zapenivanie, that lowers resistance to a heat transfer; bad protection against climatic effects outside, that leads to blowings off or namokaniyu foams; absence or bad paroizolyatsiya, that also leads namokaniyu a heater, but already the ferry from a premise.
2. "The cold bridge" when because of wrong designing of knot of an adjunction the window gets in cold, sometimes even in a negative temperature zone of a wall. This reason meets often at occurrence of a plentiful condensate.
3. Blowings off through a wall design, for example, brick, through empty seams - “pustoshovku”. It is possible to face such phenomenon on houses of the socialist period - builders badly filled in vertical seams. But it became a problem and in new building at multilayered walls when mineral cotton wool is outside closed by a brick or other facing. In this case the heater should be ventilated, and when windows are put in a heater plane they can undergo to effect of cold air from adjunction knot. In this case it is better at installation a wall from adjunction knot to separate a layer of the made foam polyethylene in the thickness of 6-10 mm.
4. The wide window sill interferes konvektsii warm air from a radiator in a window aperture.
Hence we can give following advice for removal of possibility of occurrence of a condensate:
If all the same the condensate became a consequence of the raised humidity of air this reason is necessary for eliminating because of increase of probability of occurrence indoors plesnevogo a fungus. For fall of humidity of air in premises and carrying over of a dew-point to area of lower temperatures, we recommend installation of climatic valve "Support-ejr" or airing of a premise within 10 minutes two times a day.
Heat losses at such airing are insignificant even during the winter period and make no more than 3 degrees.
Intensity of airing of a premise is necessary for increasing at realisation of repair work.
The window sill should not be very wide and interfere with passage of warm air.
For passage of warm air to a window, possess curtains on some distance from a window sill.
Decorative screens on heating radiators should not interfere with passage of thermal streams from radiators.
It is necessary to check periodically exhaust ventilation system in your house or apartment.
One of the most effective methods of struggle against a condensate will be installation of a window with the five-chamber system "Favourite" developed by firm "THYSSEN POLYMER GmbH" (Germany) specially for Russia.
The temperature on an internal surface of profiles directly depends on resistance to a heat transfer of profile system. For an example it is possible to consider two cases - at outside temperature-26? With and at-31? With (at internal +20? With and relative humidity of 55 %). The Dew-point will make thus +10,7? S.Temperatury on surfaces of typical cover (three chambers and width nearby 60mm) and five-chamber cover with resistance to a heat transfer 0,78 m2? With/vt will be the following:
The material was prepared by Sergey Short,
Open Company "Fenster".
Date of the publication 29.01.07