Bezopasnost in the "clever" house

In system of safety of the intellectual house (ID) the most important and expensive component — protection system. Its appointment — to prevent intrusion of extraneous persons into apartment, a cottage or on other protected territory.

Basic principle of construction of system of protection is eshelonirovanie.

The first boundary of protection — sensors. These are television watch facilities and the means which gauges work with use of various physical principles that allows to reduce the sizes of gauges, that is to make hem trudnoobnaruzhivaemyimi and to receive a trustworthy information about penetration and a site of the infringer. Such systems by present time it is created much.

The boundary main task: on certain distance to find out strangers of persons, immediately to warn about it the owner, and in its absence — mobile group of security structure (militia).

The second boundary — the means limiting access to a premise or on territory. To the owner and members of his family possibility of unobstructed pass is supplied. And here the stranger, and furthermore the malefactor, should spend not less than 5 mines to get into the house. Solve this problem the strong doors supplied reliable distantsionno with operated locks, on-door speakerphones and simple intercoms. It is even better, if the intercom is supplied by a television camera.

Frequently in houses of room type the source door of an entrance, a entrance, ladder platforms, and the second – a door in apartment become the first boundary.

The third boundary is already "retaliation" means, that is blocking advancement of the infringer, including temporarily putting it out of action. As a rule, it is self-blocked locks of interroom doors, the means influencing mentality of the malefactor (a sound, light), and means of physical effect (an electrocurrent, gas, a smoke, an indelible paint).

The fourth boundary is an individual defence of storehouses and safes from opening. For people, the house or which apartment have undergone to an attack, it is offered to equip a refuge. In it it is possible to sit out during a touch or the armed robbery.

Certainly, equipped with reliable system of protection yours the apartment, the house should not look as fortifikatsionnoe a structure of the beginning of the century or object of strategic nuclear forces. The combination of one-two watch facilities established openly, and systems of the gauges is optimum, established is reserved.

For the equipment of system of supervision now the industry and we, and foreign represents very wide range of production. These are television cameras of various dimensions, black-and-white and colour, with various sensitivity and the permission, korotkofokusnyie, allowing to give the wide plan of the image, and dlinnofokusnyie, allowing at a great distance to consider the person or any subject. They can be established is fixed or on the rotary system, in a warm premise or in the street, there are even the adaptations, giving the chance to move the chamber along a premise.

In the western market of television security systems on the beginning of 1999 about eighty percent made colour chambers. But it does not mean, that use of black-and-white TV is unpromising. The monochrome engineering while considerably surpasses the colour in key parametres.

Television camera without the monitor – properties. It is possible to display, of course, the image of the household TV (the permission – 650 TV-lines), but this variant approaches for the self-made system of type of a television door eye more. Unfortunately, the TV does not give such permission, as the specialised monitor.

If 3-4 television cameras the system allowing on one monitor simultaneously to observe the image from all chambers – multivyuer is necessary are established not one, but. Here the high permission of the monitor in 700-800 TV-lines also is required.

The multiplexer is intended for record of signals from videocameras – the system allowing on one videorecorder to write down the information from several chambers, and then to reproduce record, displaying the monitor for choice a signal either with one, or from all chambers simultaneously. Certainly, at multiplexer use there is a certain loss of the information as from each television camera shots register serially. Essentially more possibilities digital record on the winchester (hard disk) of the computer, but also cost of such system above as requires application of additional systems – numbering and processings of an analogue signal gives.

Complexes of the gauges automatically tracing a situation on object and at certain situations issuing disturbing signals are applied to more effective utilisation of systems of video observation. Gauges of system of the alarm system or the video images specially created for the analysis devices – movement detectors can be such systems. Has worked the gauge of the alarm system or the movement detector – the security alert sounds, and the image is removed to the monitor from an alarm place.

From the last workings out special interest is represented by infra-red gauges. They are intended basically for installation in premises. Range of detection by contrast of temperatures makes about 12-15 m. of It enough to keep under the control a premise the area nearby 450 m2. The gauge does not have «dead zones», since. The orientation diagramme has a beam directed vertically downwards. Invisibility zones create only the subjects interfering distribution of infra-red beams. Therefore more often for reliability of detection put 2-3 gauges. Besides, gauge options allow selektirovat radiation sources on weight, they distinguish the person and a pet. Appearance and the indicators of functioning joining only at the control of working capacity of the gauge, do not involve in itself attention. He does not find out itself(himself) extraneous radiations, as ultrasonic and radio beam gauges.

The access monitoring system begins with source gate or entrance doors. For you the on-door speakerphone blocked with the lock of doors of an entrance, not a novelty, in the same way it does not represent a special obstacle for professionals of the criminal world. Hence, it is necessary to see to it about a source door in apartment. The safe lock is necessary. The statistics of house thefts testifies that the considerable quantity of combinations at the lock is not an indicator of its high firmness. As a rule, there is a weak place at the most difficult mechanism. Designers search and find the non-standard decisions, one of them is an application of two keys, one of which will unblock the rotary mechanism of the basic key. Thus as means razblokirovaniya the rotary mechanism elektronno-mechanical systems with optoelektronnyim or remote control from a smart card recently are used. Their advantage – in nezametnosti applications, and at optoelektronnyih – also in absence of extraneous radiations which can be intercepted. Besides, some locks equip with the built in gauges of the security alarm system.

If we build the clever house it is expedient to entrust a control system of access and management of illumination: you open the lock of a source door – illumination in a hall joins, pass from a room in a room – the infra-red gauge of system of protection switches on and off light there where it is necessary for you.

Functions of a control system by access by a source door are not limited. All systems supplying restriction in movement of the malefactor on apartment including temporarily putting out of action, have been carried to the third boundary. It assumes, that all movings on the house should be supervised. For this purpose put on interroom doors electromechanical latches. At reception of a signal latch "Intrusion" are blocked, all or is selective, so that the infringer, having passed in a certain premise, could not leave therefrom without the permission of the owner.

Each owner defines means of the fourth boundary for itself. To choose is from what: safes built in, attached to bearing designs, with the built in alarm system, with locking systems of various types. They have various fire resistance, stability to breaking and still variety of specific characteristics.

The system of protection should interact closely and with other components of the "intellectual" house, in particular with the fire alarm system.

Unconditionally, the protection system should have independent sources of a current not to be disconnected at switching-off by the malefactor of electrosupply of the house.

The availability of communication of computer ID with the owner by phone or through the Internet gives the chance remote control by protection systems, pozharotusheniya, heating etc. However the same communication channel can use and the malefactor. Hence, communication safety issues also are one of the parties of maintenance of safety of dwelling.

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