Bezopasnost in building derevoobrabotke (about the concept of technical regulations)

Since July, 2003 the Federal law is entered into action “On technical regulation”. It urged to regulate the relations arising by working out, acceptance, application and performance obligatory (in the form of technical regulations) or voluntary (in the form of national standards and standards of the organisations) requests to production, processes of production, operation, storage, carriage, realisation and salvaging. The law establishes, that technical regulations should be accepted till 2010.
Technical reguations (TR) — a new kind of the document defining legal regulation of relations in the field of an establishment, application and performance of obligatory requests at all stages of existence of production — from its creation before salvaging. TR starting with the purposes of protection of a life or health of citizens, property, preservations of the environment, etc. Technical regulations starting the international agreement of the Russian Federation either the federal law, or the decree of the president of the Russian Federation, or the governmental order of the Russian Federation. TR should establish, with allowance for the tresspass classes of risk, is minimum necessary obligatory requests supplying following kinds of safety (item 1 of article 7 of the Law):
    Safety of radiations,
    Biological safety,
    Explosion safety,
    Mechanical safety,
    Fire safety,
    Industrial safety,
    Thermal safety,
    Chemical be zopasnost,
    Electric safety,
    Nuclear and radiating safety,
    Electromagnetic compatibility regarding maintenance of safety of work of devices and the equipment, and also unity of measurements.

The law does not contain definitions of kinds of safety, as well as concept “a class of risk of definition of harm”. In article 2 “Basic concepts” definitions only terms "safety" and "risk" are resulted. Safety of production, processes of production, operation, storage, carriage, realisation and salvaging is defined as a condition at which there is no the inadmissible risk connected with a tresspass of a life or health of citizens, to property, to environment, etc. the Risk is defined as probability of a tresspass of a life or to health of citizens, property etc., with allowance for weights of this harm. Likelihood character of risk staticizes necessity of uniform its methodical maintenance.
Probably, that the detailed methodology of their creation in which, obviously, kinds of safety and their standard base will be in details considered should precede mass working out TR, and also techniques of definition of a class of risk of a tresspass and weight of harm are given. While such methodology is not present.
The law establishes two kinds TR: the general and special. Requests of the general TR are obligatory for application and observance concerning any kinds of production, production processes (operation etc.), and requests special TR consider technological and other features of separate kinds of production, production processes (operation etc.).

The general TR according to item 4 of article 8 of the Law starting on questions:
    Safe operation and salvaging of cars and the equipment;
    Safe operation of buildings, structures, structures and safe use of territories adjoining to them;
    Fire safety;
    Electromagnetic compatibility;
    Biological safety;
    Ecological safety;
    Nuclear and radiating safety.

The concept “ecological safety” does not contain in the general list of kinds of the safety, resulted in Law article 7, and, probably, should supplement this list.
Special TR establish requests only to those separate kinds of production, production processes (to operation etc.), a tresspass class of risk with which above the class of risk of a tresspass considered by general TR.
Position of item 8 of article 7 of the Law that as a basis for working out of projects TR the international and-or national standards can be in full or in part used is obviously important.
National standards of Russia as follows from law article 11, should be developed for the purpose of increase of level of safety of a life and health of citizens, property, objects with allowance for risk of occurrence of extreme situations of natural and technogenic character, ecological safety and for maintenance of scientific and technical progress, increase of competitiveness of production (works, services),
Rational use of resources, interchangeability of production and for the purpose of assistance to observance of requests TR. Standards of the organisations according to Law article 17 should be developed with the similar purposes, and also for distribution and use of the results of researches received in various fields of knowledge and workings out. Logic primacy TR for working out of standards in the law is not fixed and, most likely, will be defined after and by results of a transition period, i.e. after 2010.
The law, thus, defines new structure of national system of rationing of quality of production and its maintenance at all stages of industrial production only in the form of obligatory TR and voluntary applied standards. The ambiguity with competency of documents of other kinds (THAT, SNiP, the joint venture, TSN, etc.), making elements long time of acting domestic system of rationing and standardization in building, should cause a question on sufficiency and stability of new system. This situation requires separate detailed consideration.
Law realisation in building derevoobrabotke should consider, first, features of kinds of production and conditions of its production (operation etc.), secondly, to base on extensive acting standard basis (GOST, SNiP, etc.) and, thirdly, as much as possible to initiate working out and application of standards of the organisations for the purpose of approbation of positions, norms and requests of the general both special TR and new national standards.
First of all it is represented expedient to subdivide building derevoobrabotku on source object of production: integral wood and the crushed wood. If from integral wood receive diverse details and items (windows and doors, pogonazhnyie details, parquet boards and boards, complete sets of details for maloetazhnyih, etc. buildings) on the basis of the crushed wood produce various plitnyie materials (DVP, DSP, MDF, OSB, etc.). The object of production defines production type by criteria of fire, ecological, chemical safety, explosion safety, etc.
Under operating conditions and according to the destination to a detail and items from integral wood subdivide on bearing (beams, bars, runs, etc.), protecting, decorative (platbands, eaves, etc.). In many cases the functional division is characterised sovmeschennostyu functions, for example in bars of walls, boards of a floor, parquet boards, etc. it is obvious, that on a class of risk of a tresspass and its weight bearing details should be allocated, items, the designs intended for perception of significant operational loads and which destruction can lead to loss of stability of a building or a structure.
Bearing details, items and designs can be produced from integral or kleenoy wood, with application of various methods of connection of details. It, probably, should not influence a standard class of risk of such details, items and designs, but to define supplementary claims to processes of their production, operation, storage, etc. In particular, requests of ecological safety will not be identical in production of profile details (pogonazha) from integral wood and at manufacturing wooden kleenyih designs with application of synthetic and polymeric materials.
The stated aspects give reason for expediency of working out of the general TR, regulating safety parametres derevoobrabatyivayuschih productions and production principal views derevoobrabotki, and special TR, defining requests to those kinds of this production and conditions of their production (operation etc.) which can be characterised by higher class of risk of a tresspass, than on the general TR. Performing bearing functions in building designs of buildings and structures should be prime special TR on items derevoobrabotki. It was above noticed, that beams concern them, bars, runs, etc. the items produced both from integral, and from kleenoy of wood.
It is represented obvious, that by working out of the general and special TR for derevoobrabotki should be defined, first, only those kinds of safety (under item 1 of article 7 of the Law) which are inherent in the given production and production kinds, and, secondly, are considered available standard documents, for example, SanPiNyi, NPB, SNiPyi, VSN, etc. These documents accumulate long-term experience of maintenance of safety by production and production application. At the same time positions of these documents should be analysed and are if necessary specified with allowance for experience of other countries and domestic workings out of the last years. In particular, experience of rationing of fire resistance of wooden bearing designs in the European countries testifies to unreasonable rigidity of domestic specifications.
By working out of the general TR it is important not only pronormirovat standard in derevoobrabotke safety kinds (fire safety, explosion safety of industrial buildings, industrial safety at production manufacturing, mechanical safety — as durability and durability of bearing designs from wood, ecological safety, especially at use of pitches, glues, varnishes, paints, etc. materials), but to pay attention to radiating safety. It speaks possible receipt of wood raw materials from the large forests having or having radiating pollution. Certification of wood resources that is provided by a number of the international documents will be simultaneously stimulated.
From the second half of the year of last year work on formation of plans of working out TR is conducted. It is how much known, industrial structures and their communities (associations, the unions, etc.), no less than scientific and technical companies, in this work are not involved. Negative consequences of such approach to realisation of the Federal law can be rather significant. Though it is formal the ministries and the departments actively offering the services in working out TR, to reproach it is impossible. Because item 2 of article 9 of the Law states: “any person can be the Developer of the project of technical regulations”. Natural or legal and, probably, even the person without citizenship.
Uscherbnost such method sees, first of all, that in the course of working out of the new technical constitution (and set TR and standards form it) its tomorrow’s executors do not participate. Their interest not only to tomorrow’s TR and to standards, but also studying of the Law is not initiated. And according to some information, even on the majority of major concerns of the country in the end of last year about this Law anything concrete did not know. In such situation it is simple to expect complexities of perception and performance TR and new standards.
Experience of the developed countries of the world is unequivocal: normotvorchestvom professional communities should attend basically. Except obvious technical advantages, it characterises realities of civil company.
To Russia there is a process of creation and development of professional communities. Their quantity and real affairs are still far from an optimality, but the it is more important to involve them in scale works of the state level now. Many of them, it is necessary to hope, will take advantage to the full of the right of working out and application of the standards that is provided by Law article 17. Such standards are especially susceptible in the conditions of market relations to new workings out, high technologies. The format of these documents, at corresponding interest and state assistance, allows to approve substantive provisions TR and national standards. The system of business cooperation of federal bodies and professional communities is capable to strengthen repeatedly efficiency normotvorchestva and konkurentoustoychivost domestic manufactures. Forming of such system should begin with active sharing of professional communities in working out TR and, naturally, from scale and detailed studying and application of positions of the Law. Victor Kislyj, Cand.Tech.Sci.,
Member RNTO of builders and NTO bumdrevprom Source: the Newspaper «Building Expert» #4 (2004)

It is introduced: on November, 04th, 2004

Predohranitelnyiy a belt — a safety permanent asset at work at height
The most widespread means of an individual defence of the person from falling from height is the safety belt.Safety belts (software) are divided into two basic types:Type I — bezlyamochnyie the belts consisting of a zone belt with vshityim by a fixing ring and naspinnogo of a belt;Type II — lyamochnyie the belts consisting of a belt of type I,...
Sertifikatsiya glues and glutinous beams for bearing designs in Europe
1. Procedure of certification of glues for kleenyih beams in Europe1.1. Standards on adgezivyi in Europe — the present and the future.In Europe there are some institutes which can conduct tests and issue certificates on glutinous systems for bearing wooden designs. However only some of them are recognised as the international bodies for test similar adgezivov. Two of them —...
mezhkomnatnyie doors
First of all, it is necessary to formulate the requests to interroom doors and to define: The price range comprehensible to you; Required variants of opening of doors; Requests on design of doors; The necessary sizes; Necessity additional dverok (mezzanines, cases), similar on design with doors. Then, it is expedient to be defined with a design of doors, taking into...
Obzor the market of source doors
Introduction.On the official statistics, about a quarter of all crimes in Russia it is connected with illegal penetration into a premise, room thefts take hardly less than 10 %. Such facts force to think of protection of the housing accommodation, including, about reliability of a source door.The source door should protect dwelling from not authorised access, to resist to negative...
Stroitelnaya derevoobrabotka: a regulation of profile details
Traditionally stable extending application of wooden details also is perspective, items and designs in industrially-civil building tests deficiency of modern standard maintenance. The general approaches to a regulation of details are stated in NN 2, 3 «SE» for this year. The present article offers standard decisions for separate group of the details having the wide nomenclature and diverse scopes, —...
Otvertka slesarno-assembly
Along with application of high-strength hardware of the traditional form, introduction of new progressive designs by an actual problem there is a production of progressive fixture.The present requests presented to fixing items directly are defined by the increased requests to the modern engineering. Simultaneously with intensive operation of cars and mechanisms downward tendencies of weight of assembly elements, to assemblage...
Kak to avoid problems at a wood choice
Defects by nameHere the basic items of which designers and builders complain.Raw edges (obzol). There are two principal causes on which buyers receive saw-timbers with badly sawn round edges. First, derevoobrabatyivayuschie the enterprises try to save, trying to extract from smaller volume of raw wood bolshee quantity of finished goods. At longitudinal sawing up of a log lateral sides of...
O standardization in the field of wooden kleenyih designs
The articles testifying to intensive enough development of branch wooden kleenyih of designs were repeatedly published in the newspaper «Building expert». Along with it it is necessary to note an unsatisfactory condition of standard base without which the further development of branch will be hindered. Especially it concerns the standards which large part was not updated 20—25 years. At the...
GNAU has developed criteria for check of physical persons
The state tax administration (GNAU) has prepared criteria of an estimated risk of activity of physical persons, writes Kommersant-Ukraina in article GNAU meets half-way people....
Blesk and luxury of wood
Remmers is the partner of production workers more than fifty years. We offer derevoobrabatyivayuschim to the enterprises complex willows the same time compact range of varnishes for wood: from nitrocellulose (NC) a varnish for standard nagruzokdo high-quality range poliuretanovyih varnishes (PUR).In all varnishes one hardener and one solvent that reduces to minimum risk zalezhivaniya the goods in warehouses and possibility...
Uteplenie at home
Teplotehnichesky characteristics of outside protecting designs in many respects predetermine temperaturno-vlazhnostnyj a mode in premises of the house and influence comfortable conditions of ability to live. A thermal protection — an element of these designs which supplies teploizolyatsionnyie properties of a structure. Its choice — thorough and responsible process since in most cases the thermal protection is not exposed to...
Krasivyie electroadjusting items
Building, irrespective of its direct appointment and the subsequent operation of under construction object cannot exist without fulfilment defined, electroinstallation works. The core at all stage of civil work – safety precautions observance. All works connected with wiring (different level of complexity), should is conducted according to all specifications of safety precautions. Thus it is necessary to remember, that quality...
How to choose a false ceiling
In the article there is a speech about criteria of a choice of a false ceiling that is called «for itself». The big variety of the ceiling designs which have appeared in the market for the last years, allow to make a choice. However in the market it is a lot of materials and not to nonplus itself we will...