Now in technology of preparation various tsementobetonnyih mixes two types of amalgamators are applied: gravitational (free) and compulsory hashing.

Gravitational hashing is carried out in the rotating drum supplied with blades, by repeated lifting and free falling of components of a mix.

Amalgamators of compulsory type are characterised by higher intensity of effect on a mixed material. Mixing process in them is carried out by rotation lopastnyih shaft, the geometrical form and which character of rotation supplies konvektivnyiy mix carying over to the mixing chamber.

Quality of a construction equipment

Quality of a construction equipment is one of the major factors of a successful competitiveness in the market. Now the requests presented to quality of production all over the world have considerably increased. And first of all to such indicators, as reliability, ecological compatibility, ergonomics, working conditions of operators, economy of energy and fuel.

In total amount of export of branches of a national economy of Russia mechanical engineering production makes insignificant size. One of principal causes of small volumes of export of machine-building production is its noncompetitiveness caused first of all by its low quality.

In what image it is possible to raise quality of domestic engineering, to make its more competitive? One of effective ways - certification. Certification is the action certifying by means of documents (the certificate or a sign), that the item corresponds to certain standards or other standard documents. The made definition is formulated and 9000 (Product quality control) is accepted in the international ISO standards and it is necessary in a basis of concept of certification of conformity of GOST R in the Russian Federation.

Now the international ISO standards 9000 find more and more wide application in world practice as means of perfection of quality of production at enterprise level, and also as means of overcoming of barriers in international trade. In this connection practice of certification of products of the supplier on conformity to ISO standards 9000 extends.

Objective interest of the enterprises in production improvement of quality, introduction of all complex of tools of maintenance of the quality reflected in ISO standards 9000 increases in present economic conditions.

Thus, the choice of building engineering should be defined by availability of the corresponding certificate largely. Certainly, far not on domestic building cars all, to put it mildly, there is certificate ISO 9000. Yes it, probably, as soon as possible also does not threaten us. However according to the governmental order of the Russian Federation in system of GOST R the inventory, subjects of obligatory certification is defined. This system provides certification of domestic and import engineering under uniform rules. These uniform rules order, in particular, an estimation of quality of building cars.

And that the science speaks

About quality of a mix

Both cores of type of existing amalgamators (gravitational and compulsory) do not guarantee quality of mixing. The basic defect - weak course diffuzionnyih processes at level of microvolumes therefore at formation of items from the mixes prepared in such amalgamators, there are defects, concentrators of pressure and other factors reducing them mechanical properties.

Industrial operating experience betonosmesitelnogo the equipment shows, that to one of the decrease reasons prochnostnyih indicators of concrete and ferro-concrete designs and, accordingly, term of their service the non-uniform structure of a concrete mix is. And the reason of it largely is low quality of the concrete issued by the amalgamator.

Thus, increase of intensity of processes of mixing becomes possible only at use of new effects of effect.

New effect of effect

One of such effects is vibration. At vibration viscosity of mixes that stipulates an intensification diffuzionnyih hashing processes considerably decreases.

The expediency of use of vibration at mixing of building mixes is confirmed by numerous researches. However this method has not found while wide application in production in the absence of reliable designs vibrosmesiteley. Though there are methods of designing counterbalanced ekstsentrikovyih vibrovozbuditeley which application allows to create vibrosmesiteli, meeting modern requests.

So, at factory of building cars in Tyumen the pre-production model of the gravitational vibrating amalgamator which represents modernisation serially manufactured betonosmesitelya SB-91 (see drawing) is produced.

Modernisation consisted that along a drum axis has been established counterbalanced ekstsentrikovyiy vibrovozbuditel the conic form, corresponding on the geometrical sizes to a motionless cone of amalgamator SB-91.

Primary and secondary shaft of a reducer of a drive of rotation of a drum have been executed by the hollow. The drive vibrovozbuditelya was carried out from the electric motor by means of torsionnogo a shaft established in hollow shaft of a reducer. The amplitude of fluctuations vibrovozbuditelya makes 0,004 mm, frequency - 2200 fluctuations in a minute.

Mixing process proceeds as follows. At inclusion of the electric motor the drum and vibrovozbuditel is acquired by working-class movements. The mix under the influence of vibration is diluted and mixes up blades at a rotating drum.

The carried out researches have allowed to establish:

At application counterbalanced ekstsentrikovogo vibrovozbuditelya vibration transfer on environment (a drive, a drum, a frame) practically was absent;

Universality of the amalgamator on structures of mixed mixes has raised, in the amalgamator qualitative preparation medium-grained tsementobetonnoy mixes with rigidity 90-120 was supplied with;

Installation vibrovozbuditelya has not required additional capacity, a drum and vibrovozbuditel are resulted by amalgamator SB-91 engine, power consumption of process of mixing of concrete mixes in comparison with amalgamators of compulsory action has decreased in 3-4 times.

The system

The basic knots betonosmesitelya gravitational type are the mixing drum, a frame of a welded design, traversa, a running part, the turn mechanism, a clamp, an electric equipment.

The mixing drum of a welded design is established in bearings kacheniya traversyi. The drive of rotation of a drum is carried out from the electric or petrol engine established on podmotornoy to a plate, being the tension system, through klinoremennuyu and gear transfers. The leading gear wheel of a tooth gearing and a pulley klinoremennoy transfers are mounted on one shaft, rotating in bearings kacheniya.

The gear wreath represents a modular design from gear sectors and fastens to a mixing drum bolts. For transportation betonosmesitelya on building on a frame it is provided demountable dyishlo a tubular design.

For stable work betonosmesitelya put forward support can be established. Turn and change of position of a mixing drum is carried out manually by the turn mechanism. Necessary position of a drum is established by means of a flywheel through a tooth gearing and fixed.

The accepted operating procedure: having convinced of serviceability of the amalgamator, it is necessary to test it idling, and only after that it is possible to start to work under load. To establish a mixing drum in loading and mixing position. Having included button "Start-up" of the automatic switch, in rotating drum water, cement, rubble and sand are loaded consistently otdozirovannyie. Upon termination of mixing a drum will bend a mouth downwards and the ready concrete mix is unloaded.

In betonosmesitele compulsory type the mixing system has the outside blade, the internal blade, an outside scraper and an internal scraper.

Arms of blades can turn in the case at rubble hit under blades. Turning on an arm, the emphasis rests against spring shock-absorbers. Blades are kept in working position by clips and springs. Outside and internal scrapers are rigidly connected by arms with a rotor. For maintenance of normal work of the mixing system it is necessary to support a constant of backlashes between working bodies (blades, scrapers) and an internal surface of a bowl.

As an example the scheme betonosmesitelya compulsory type SB-138B (Open Society "the Tula factory stroytehniki") is resulted.

Work

Loading of a mix in the mixing system in various models can be carried out or manually (usually for betonosmesiteley with small volume of the mixing system), or by means of the mechanical system (named "skip"). It skipovoe the system represents a ladle, which on cables (or ropes) can be lifted and overturn. In this case the shaft of the mixing system serves simultaneously and for lifting (lowering) of a ladle.

Drum for winding of a rope and a brake pulley are bolted among themselves and freely nasazhenyi on a shaft.

The brake pulley and the case connected to shaft sliding shponkoy, forms frictional muftu. Rotating together with shaft, the cone can move in an axial direction. Lifting or cone lowering (inclusion or deenergizing frictional muftyi) is carried out by turn of the lever of inclusion. The rope is fixed on a drum by means of a lath, bolts and a lock lath. The rope ends are inserted into drum apertures.

The controlling mechanism skipovyim the lift consists of the platen established in bearings, a control lever, an emphasis, levers, a spring, a brake tape and draughts. For ladle lifting it is necessary to turn a control lever in a left-hand side against the stop. Thus one lever will weaken a brake tape, and other lever, moving draught, will turn the lever of inclusion frictional muftyi on vertical to a shaft, the ladle will start to be lifted, having reached before extreme top position, will remove draught, having disconnected thereby frictional muftu and having included a brake mechanism.

For ladle lowering it is necessary to turn slightly a control lever towards inclusion frictional muftyi.

Issue of a ready mix at gravitational amalgamators is carried out by overturning of a mixing drum. This operation is in most cases carried out manually though in some models possibility of mechanical overturning is provided. In betonosmesitelyah compulsory type issue of a ready mix is carried out through the hatch in the bottom part of the amalgamator.

The drive betonosmesiteley can be manual (for absolutely small), from the petrol engine and from the electric motor (pressure both 220, and 380). And, if with a petrol drive (and, certainly, with manual) problems are not present, the availability of an electric drive requires special attention at a choice of a corresponding item. The matter is that gravitational betonosmesiteli, supplied with the electric motors working from pressure 220 In, in the majority it is impossible to load at the stopped drum, i.e. Even short-term switching-off of giving of an electric current can lead to necessity of an unloading of already loaded mix.

The offer in the market betonosmesiteley

1. Open Society "Factory ‘ Metallist ‘", Zaraysk the Moscow region

2. Joint-Stock Company "AOR", St.-Petersburg

3. Open Society "Extreme", Barnaul

4. Open Society PKO "ASTER", Krasnoyarsk

5. Novosibirsk factory of building cars, Novosibirsk

6. Skilled-experimental factory of the process equipment, Novosibirsk

7. The Tyumen factory of building cars, Tyumen

8. An experimental plant of the Volgograd scientific research institute of mechanical engineering technique, Volgograd

9. Joint-Stock Company "Stroymash", Zelenokumsk Stavropol Territory

10. Open Society "Tujmazinsky factory of autoready-mix trucks", Tuimazy (Bashkortostan)

11. Joint-Stock Company "buF«uSјјbYUYASuuїYA", Glazov (Udmurtiya)

12. The Belgorod experimentally-mechanical factory, Belgorod

13. “Liski-Metallist”. Experimental machine works, Liski the Voronezh region

14. Factory of skilled designs, items and the equipment, Moscow

15. Joint-Stock Company "Rosintreyd", Moscow

16. Joint-Stock Company "Stroymash", Moscow

17. “YUNIMIKS”, Moscow

18. Open Company "UPTK ‘ Stroytehnika ‘", Moscow

19. Joint-Stock Company "Tekrend", Moscow

20. Open Society "the Tula factory stroytehniki", Tula

21. Open Society "the Yaroslavl factory ‘ Stroytehnika ‘", Yaroslavl

22. Open Society "Pskov factory of mechanical drives", Pskov

23. Oryol factory "Stroymash", of Eagles

24. Open Society "Height", Rzhev the Tver region

25. Open Society "Stroymash", Lebedyan Lipetsk region

26. Factory of building cars, Orsk the Orenburg region

As it is easy to be convinced, having looked at the list, manufacturers betonosmesitelnogo the equipment in Russia is much. Thus Russian production takes defining place in the market. It is offered to the consumer really much. But at first we will shortly formulate key parametres characterising betonosmesiteli, is a volume of the amalgamator on loading (usually in litres), volume ready zamesa, capacity of a drive, krupnost a filler, availability or absence of the loading system.

So, that is offered. The nomenclature impresses. Resulted in tab. 1 (in the bottom of the article) and model Tables 2 - an insignificant part of that suppliers offer. From absolutely small manual gravitational in volume 25 l to betonosmesiteley compulsory type in volume of 1500 l and capacity of a drive of 50 kw.

The greatest representation in the market betonosmesiteley production of Open Society "Stroymash" from Lebedyan Lipetsk area and Open Society "has the Tula factory stroytehniki". And it is not casual. The matter is that at these enterprises the greatest quantity of the diversified models is manufactured, that, certainly, involves consumers and suppliers from different regions. As one of managers of such company-supplier admitted, other factories make good, basically, the engineering however thus one or several models and to drive the car for hundreds kilometres to bring some pieces (as to take many units of one model risky), not favourably. Different models are better at once many.

Gravitational betonosmesiteli new generation SBR-130, SBR-150, SBR-430, SBR-500 and a number of others with volume of the amalgamator from 100 to 500 l under the characteristics and operational indicators are capable to satisfy properly requirement for concrete mixes at building and repair with not so great volume of works.

Such models betonosmesiteley, as SB-80A (Joint-Stock Companies "Stroymash", Zelenokumsk Stavropol Territory), SB-146, Sb-238 and a number similar to them, are used for preparation of concrete mixes and building solutions in processing lines betonosmesitelnyih installations.

Characteristic representatives of foreign engineering is production of French firm Guy Noel. These are gravitational betonosmesiteli in capacity from 100 to 340 l. They have a tank from a stamped steel sheet (the truth, under recalls of our consumers, tonkovatogo). In a number of models the gear wreath is executed from a composite material. It is not subject to corrosion. And though appearance of these betonosmesiteley is very attractive also they have very convenient, in most cases folding, a design, they are not so adapted for purely Russian operating conditions (having forgotten after closing-up to clear and wash out the amalgamator, next day it is necessary to force down a breakage the fallen asleep weight, and not any design will sustain it).

So, is from what to choose, and the equipment of the most different productivity since the smallest models, including manual uses demand, and finishing the most powerful and completed.

Betonosmesitelnyie installations

Maloetazhnoe building in small cities, rural and the country place, conducted basically the small organisations, has defined requirement not only in mobile betonosmesitelyah small volume, but also in small betonosmesitelnyih installations. Such installations on base betonosmesitelya compulsory action with volume of loading 250-750 l are supplied with one or several capacities for cement, the system of weight dispensing of cement, systems of volume dispensing of fillers in a skip. And the process equipment can be delivered builders as installation completely, and only, and basic metallokonstruktsii consumers can produce.

By the domestic industry are manufactured betonosmesitelnyie installations in the form of transport blocks-modules of complete factory readiness with the built in equipment and technological communications. It allows to carry out construction and starting-up and adjustment works in the shortest possible time. There are conditions for transportation, dismantle and becomes simpler, at necessity, a transfer of installations on other object.

Betonosmesitelnyie installations by productivity from 2 to 60 cubic m at an o’clock concrete and rastvornoy mixes are equipped betonosmesitelyami from 250 to 1500 l. Are completed by cement warehouses. As giving of fillers are subdivided into two kinds: with skipovoy giving and from the conveyor. Issue of a concrete mix is made in autodump-body trucks or avtobetonosmesiteli. Portioning devices weight, lever and tenzometricheskie. Management can be carried out in automatic or manual remote modes.

Betonosmesitelnyie installations are manufactured in "summer" or "all-weather" performance. Installations of "all-weather" performance are intended for all-the-year-round operation, warmed and supplied by systems for heating of fillers and water. At will of the customer can be completed with a steam and gas generator. Time of installation and starting-up and adjustment works for different installations fluctuates from 15 till 45 days.

Complexes of "summer" performance have no warmed covering and systems of heating of fillers and can be maintained at air temperature not below +2 degrees. Among "summer" installations is supermobile, which are transported on two motor vehicles (together with a cement warehouse), or supplied with a running part for transportation by the car-tractor. Installation of such installation is carried out for 3-4 days.

The basic characteristics manufactured betonosmesitelnyih installations are resulted in table 3 (look the article end). As to the prices they essentially depend on a complete set, cost of construction and starting-up and adjustment works.

Avtobetonosmesiteli

Some words are necessary to tell and about such betonosmesitelnyih installations, as avtobetonosmesiteli. They after all are intended not only for transportation of a ready mix to the consumer, but for its preparation along the line or after the arrival on object. Modern avtobetonosmesiteli are supplied special rastvoronasosami, telescopic tape conveyors for giving of a concrete mix and even by onboard blocks of numerical programmed control for concrete quality assurance.

From the Russian manufacturers it is necessary to note Open Society production "Tujmazinsky factory of autoready-mix trucks" (Tuimazy, Bashkortostan) and joint-stock company "Kamensk skilled mechanical factory" (Kamensk-Shahtinsky the Rostov region). From the foreign engineering in the Russian market there is production MOAZ (the Mogilyov automobile factory, Belarus), German firm Liegherr, Swedish Volvo Track Corporation.

Table 4 gives submission about characteristics of some representatives of this kind betonosmesiteley.

Oleg Kushakov, the director of the company, "Strojmashservis Th" (Moscow)

If before crisis of 1998 the essential share of building production in our country was taken by the import equipment after a default the import goods became less competitive owing to its dearness, the sales volume has accordingly decreased also. Besides, though import concrete mixers beautiful and easy, became made they from tonkolistovoy, contain many plastic components, composite materials. While in service the gear from a soft steel fast ground off to such condition, that teeth practically does not remain. The gear wreath was plastic and consequently with it there were constant problems. Clients had to address to firm to change details, but they again wore out.

As to a domestic production it was very bulky, heavy, inconvenient for transportation, and at work made a lot of noise. Today a situation other. The Russian manufacturers, especially what management thinks in the spirit of market economy, develop new, more modern equipment, improve its appearance. Besides, the domestic manufacturer began to value each client. Service has improved, factories have paid attention even to the fair brochures, which steels much better.

As a result demand for import concrete mixers has considerably decreased unlike home equipment.

The last decade in the building industry there were the certain structural changes connected in a big way of building maloetazhnyih of buildings of industrial and civil objects from monolithic concrete. In new economic conditions it presents also new requests to the organisations working in the market of a construction equipment and services.

At a wide spectrum manufactured by the domestic industry betonosmesitelnyih installations standard complete sets not always satisfy builders.

The long-term operational experience in the building market of Open Company "UPTK ‘ Stroytehnika ‘" (the trade mark "for concrete") has shown All, that the success of activity of the organisation is defined today by the complex approach to work with builders: wide informing of customers in the field of building production and the equipment; inzhiniringovyie services in completion and change of standard complete sets of the equipment manufactured by the domestic industry under requests of customers; the turned out communications with the suppliers, allowing operatively to make modifications to standard complete sets of the equipment; working out of offers on the optimum organisation of production concrete and rastvornyih mixes and work of warehouses, proceeding from conditions of customers; maintenance of deliveries, shefmontazhnyih and starting-up and adjustment works in the shortest terms; warranty service and maintenance with spare parts.

The basic difference made by us betonosmesiteley in a drive of rotation of a mixing drum. In overwhelming majority at gravitational amalgamators the drive is carried out through a tooth gearing, the conducted which gear wheel represents the gear wreath strengthened on an outside surface of a mixing drum. In ours betonosmesitelyah the drive is carried out by means of a worm reducer with an additional support. Application of this reducer a little udorozhaet an item, however raises reliability of a design as the reducer is closed from hit of a building dust and a dirt, noise considerably decreases at work and, at last, work with such betonosmesitelem becomes much more safe, as transfer is closed.

Practically we produce all elements and knots. Several years ago used accessory manufacturers, but recently because of unreasonably increased prices from their services have refused and have adjusted own production. Only worm reducers we order on the party, and with the Moscow and St.-Petersburg enterprises to agree it was not possible - the expensive. We order on Mashginsky reduktornom factory in Udmurtiya.

betonosmesiteli we basically sell the though our production appears in catalogues and price-lists of several large supplier companies. But we attend as well to equipment lease. It is convenient, in particular for private traders - for realisation of single works it is completely not obligatory to purchase, has done a cycle of works and has returned. The small construction firms which budget does not allow to purchase use lease also, and to lease it on forces.

As to the import engineering it recently it became essential less. Though there is production from France, Austria, Turkey. Certainly, outwardly very attractive models, basically folding, that is convenient at transportation. But, unfortunately, they are not so reliable - thin-walled, frequently with a plastic gear wreath. Well and, of course, in the bulk, more expensively.

BSGr-60 YUNIMIKS 60 40 ruchn. - ruchn.

BSG-60 YUNIMIKS 60 40 380ch 0,3 ruchn.

BSG-60 YUNIMIKS 60 40 220ch 0,3 ruchn.

BSG-60 YUNIMIKS 60 40 VEO’. 0,3 ruchn.

SBR-125 “Stroymash” 125 85 220ch 0,37 ruchn.

SBR-150 “Stroymash” 145 115 220ch 0,55 ruchn.

SB-200 TZS 150 130 380ch 1,1 ruchn.

SBR-320 “Stroymash” 320 200 380ch 1,5 ruchn.

SBR-430 “Stroymash” 430 320 380ch 1,5 ruchn.

SB-16G TZS 500 330 380ch 10,6 Skip.

SB-750 TZS 750 500 380ch 10,7 Skip.

V-130 Guy Noel 130 100 380B 0,38 ruchn.

V-250 Guy Noel 240 195 220ch 1,1 ruchn.

B-430 Guy Noel 430 340 380ch 2,2 ruchn.

“Stroymash”-Open Society "Stroymash", Lebedyan Lipetsk region
TZS-Open Society "the Tula factory stroymashin Table 2. Technological characteristics betonosmesiteley compulsory type
Model The manufacturer - the supplier Volume on loading, l Volume of a ready mix, l Drive Moschnost, kw Loading

zh-80/TD> TZS 250 165 380V 5,5 Skip.

SB-169 TZS 375 250 380V 8,0 Skip.

SB-500M TZS 500 350 380V 5,5 Skip.

SB-146A TZS 750 500 380V 18,5 ruchn.

BSP1-750 UPTK 750 500 380V 18,5 ruchn.

2M346Sk UPTK 750 500 380V 18,0 Skip.

SB-138B TZS 1500 1000 380V 37,0 ruchn. Table 3. Technological characteristics betonosmesitelnyih installations
Model

Productivity, cubic km/h

The amalgamator

Capacity of a warehouse of cement, cubic m

Moschnost, kw Mark Type Capacity, l

BSU-2 2 SB-80A Will force. 250 6-16 14,0

PBU-5 5 SB-16g gravitats. 500 6 and bol. 13,6

PBU-5-10 5-10 SB-146 Will force. 500 2h6 21,0

PBU-5-10 5-10 SB-146 Will force. 750 2h16 24,5

SB-185 26,5 Two SB-91 gravitats. 750 23 40,5

BS-32 To 32 T-500 Will force. 750 2h45 60,0

BSU-30sk To 30 SB-138b Will force. 1500 60 72,0 Table 4. Technological characteristics avtobetonosmesiteley
Model SB-92V-2 ABS-6 SB-172A SB-170-3

The manufacturer TZA KOMZ TZA TZA

The chassis KamAZ-55111 KamAZ-53229 KamAZ-53228 "Urals Mountains-4320"

Volume of a mixing drum, cubic m 5,0 6,0 6,0 7,0

Hashing time, minute 15-20 15-20 15-20 15-20

Loading height, m 3,62 3,5 3,8 3,7

The price, thousand rbl. 740,0 845,0 876,0 1665,0

TZA - Open Society "Tujmazinsky factory of autoready-mix trucks".
KOMZ - joint-stock company "Kamensk skilled mechanical factory", Kamensk-Shahtinsky Rostov area.

Source: http://www.trotuar.ru

Date of the publication 13.06.04