Balzam for the wooden house

Wooden construction in Russia always was not only dwelling, but also the card of the owner and the one who built it. Often both these roles were combined in one person. Thus each knew, who is the best on village cut srubyi, put furnaces or dug wells. But here the pride subject - the house - is ready. Now there is other question: how to make so that it delivered pleasure not to one generation of people.

How longer to save wooden construction from destruction, many books are written, articles and are given recommendatons. Separate from them insufficiently. A certain complex approach is necessary. That is offered, in particular, experts of Moscow Open Company "Lignahim". All basic methods of protection, they confirm, it is possible to divide on constructional and physical and chemical.

CONSTRUCTIONAL PROTECTION OF WOOD
Constructional protection of wood, informs V.Gerber, it first of all designing and correct registration of the designs, allowing considerably to lower intensity of load on a wooden surface. However, he underlines, in the greatest damages results water and humidity effect.
Thereupon the premise with the big humidity should be supplied by effective ventilation for fast evaporation of a moisture. For protection of an outside covering against the humidity getting from within of a building, it is necessary to keep empty space between a covering and a wall. The top and bottom ends of a covering should be cut, especially over window and doorways, the bottom part of a covering should be highly enough over an earth surface.
Long plums of a roof protect an outside surface not only from a rain, but also from a sunlight. It is necessary to watch that water waste a trench, pipes and metal surfaces have been correctly designed and always were in a serviceable condition.

PROCESSING BY ANTISEPTICS
Drying and antiseptirovanie wood, experts mark, raise its cost no more than on 20 % while stability to rotting and defeat by insects of the items produced of it increases in 2-4 times.
As antiseptic tanks, V.Gerber informs, use creosote and water solutions of salts of metals, basically mixes of salts Su, As, Cr. Antiseptirovanie saw-timbers is effective method of protection against the rotting, however some connections a part of antiseptic tanks can give to wood undesirable colour and as a result migrations to a surface to worsen adhesion of protectively-decorative paint and varnish cover.

PAINT AND VARNISH COVERS
Use of paint and varnish covers, as well as antiseptirovanie, allows to increase service life of an item from wood, simultaneously giving to it a decorative kind.
From the point of view of decorative properties, LKM for wood it is possible to divide on two basic groups - revealing (varnishes, protectively-decorative structures, morilki) and covering (enamels, paints) a wood structure.
Cover, experts mark, should supply good biological and chemical protection, absorb Uf-radiation, to be nontight for water steams and simultaneously tight in relation to a drop moisture, durable.
One of obligatory requests to LKM for outside furnish of wooden houses is their optimum paropronitsaemost. Cover should not be too paropronitsaemyim as in this case it will not slow down spatial changes and, hence, the destruction of wood caused by fluctuations of humidity. At the same time at surplus of a moisture in wood under multilayered cover with low paropronitsaemostyu there is a pressure which leads to formation of bubbles on a cover surface.
The major request to any type LKM, intended for wood furnish, - preservation of elasticity of cover while in service. It is connected by that gradual decrease under the influence of elasticity Uf-beams pigmentirovannogo the cover put on such spatially-astable substrate as wood, inevitably leads it rastreskivaniyu and otslaivaniyu.
Traditional enamels and varnishes are not protected from infection with disputes plesnevyih and derevorazrushayuschih the mushrooms which development can lead to various kinds of damages of paint and varnish cover.
For furnish indoors, experts confirm, have well proved usual alkidnyie varnishes and enamels on various substrates. However in case of outside furnish without use of special means of preliminary protection these wood LKM do not guarantee durability of covers.
In this connection the increasing significance is acquired by special protectively-decorative structures which often name lessiruyuschimi paints or azures.

PROTECTIVELY-DECORATIVE STRUCTURES
At correct drawing protectively-decorative structures form thin films which not rastreskivayutsya and allow a moisture to evaporate from wood on a wood surface.
Protectively-decorative structures are manufactured two kinds: organo - and water diluted. Depending on it compoundings of structures can differ, however the general principles of their drawing up are similar.
Colourless structures apply only to items from the wood, maintained in premises, as priming for uniform vpityivaniya surfaces of wood or for razbavleniya pigmentirovannyih structures for the purpose of reception of more light shades. For the wood subject to atmospheric influence, are used pigmentirovannyie structures.
The basic requests presented to covers on a basis lessiruyuschih of paints:
Stability to Uf-radiation;
Stability to rastreskivaniyu and otslaivaniyu;
water-And gryazeottalkivayuschie properties;
Colour preservation while in service;
Firmness to biodestruction;
The maximum diffusion in a substrate;
Wide colour scale.
Protectively-decorative materials are manufactured, as a rule, in the complete set: colourless propitochnyiy a material (first coat) and pokryivnoy a material containing pigments. For reliable protection of wood one layer of a first coat and 2-3 layers pokryivnogo a material is usually put.
Some firms suggest to use three-layer system. Such cover does all system of wood stable against natural wreckers.

ORGANORAZBAVLYAEMYIE PROTECTIVELY-DECORATIVE STRUCTURES
Under the assertion of experts, protectively-decorative structures of this type have ability very intensively to get into wood. Thus colourless structures get more deeply, than painted, therefore are used mainly for priming. In quality plenkoobrazovatelya usually apply alkid and-or oil, as solvent - uajt-spirit.
Now it is manufactured two types organorazbavlyaemyih structures - with the high and low contents of a solid. For more effective protection of wood, experts mark, it is recommended to use structures with the high contents of the dry rest. They are more expensive, but have raised atmosfero - and moisture resistance in comparison with structures with the low contents of a solid.
Organorazbavlyaemyie protectively-decorative structures are used for furnish of outside walls, window covers, doors, ladders, a handrail, fences, etc. They are not recommended to be applied garden furniture to internal colouring of premises, including hothouses.

UKRYIVISTYIE WATER DILUTED PROTECTIVELY-DECORATIVE STRUCTURES
These structures form a semiglossy surface and save a natural structure of wood. In quality plenkoobrazovatelya usually use latex in a mix with water emulsiey oils or alkida.
Water diluted structures do not get so deeply into wood as organorazbavlyaemyie, but they give to covers very high atmosferostoykost.
Scopes of water diluted protectively-decorative structures the same, as organorazbavlyaemyih, however they are not recommended for colouring of the items which are exposed to significant mechanical load, for example, of floors and garden furniture, but are very good for repair colouring of surfaces, before processed organorazbavlyaemyimi structures.

V.Gerber results practical recommendations about protective processing of wooden surfaces.
Protectively-decorative structures, he marks, it is possible to process pilenyie, stroganyie or rublenyie surfaces. Preliminary processing before drawing of structures same, as at ukryivistoy to furnish. Even after repeated drawings protectively-decorative structures do not form a thick film, as in case of drawing of a traditional paint. Therefore cover not rastreskivaetsya also does not exfoliate, so, before repeated processing it is enough only clearing of a surface by a brush.
Walls should be painted on possible earlier stage of building as if the unpainted surface of wood is exposed to effect of atmospheric factors during half a year efficiency of action of protective structures decreases in 2 times in comparison with svezheokrashennoy wood. If it is impossible to apply pigmentirovannyie structures for its time protection it is necessary to process colourless structure.
Preliminary processing has the major significance for achievement of a good end result, but before processing of unpainted surfaces it is important to check up cleanliness of a substrate. All extraneous inclusions are necessary for removing carefully a brush.
Pollution and possible fungi of a mould and blue should be washed off before colouring. For this purpose special washing-up liquids are manufactured. It is possible to use also a solution gipohlorita (for example, a liquid "Whiteness") from account 1 ch. A solution on 1-3 ch. Waters depending on degree zaplesneveniya. A solution put a brush or a brush, allow to it some time to work, and then carefully wash off water (it is possible a strong stream of water from a hose). After the surface will dry up, it is possible to start colouring. Humidity of wood should be less than 20 %.
At processing the temperature of air, protectively-decorative structure and a covered surface should be above 5°S, and relative humidity of air - less than 80 %. Painting works cannot be spent during a rain or dew loss. After a rain the wood surface should be painted only after drying.
Pigmentirovannyie structures should be mixed carefully before the beginning of colouring and during all process of colouring. In avoidance raznoottenochnosti at colouring it is necessary to prepare at once structure enough in one container.
Protectively-decorative structures should be put very accurately. At colouring of the big surfaces it is necessary to give special attention to working seams. Structures are fast absorbed in a seasoned wood, therefore for reception of an equal surface it is necessary to paint in one step two-three boards and drawing to make continuously to the natural end of painted object. For the best water-proofing it is necessary to cover the ends of boards with several layers of structure.
Protectively-decorative structures are better for putting a brush, than dispersion. At least the first layer should be put necessarily a brush.
For reception of beautiful appearance through 5-15 mines after structure drawing (depending on an ambient temperature) the processed item should be wiped a sponge or a rag. It reaches uniform distribution of pigments, and also surplus of structure from a surface leaves.
Items from different breeds of wood, are underlined by the expert, require the various approach to their protection. So, the coniferous wood intended for an outside covering at home, he marks, it is necessary to cover with one layer of colourless structure, then enough two layers of the painted material. Especially responsible details, which should save the stable form (doors, windows,), it is necessary to process jalousie 3 times.
All details from wood of deciduous breeds are necessary for processing three times colour structure (as deciduous wood badly absorbs these structures), and for achievement required atmosferostoy bones cover should contain pigment enough.

Thin lessiruyuschie films collapse more fast, than covers on a basis ukryivistoy paints. Processed lessiruyuschimi structures of surfaces recommend to make repair colouring each 3-5 years depending on conditions of environment and a surface condition. Thus, lessiruyuschie structures require a repaint often enough, however to make repair absolutely simply. Protective properties of covering paints, according to V.Gerber, are usually saved within 10 years without a repaint provided that designs in a good condition and painting works were conducted according to the technological instruction.Nikolay Minin Source: "the Building Season" #47 (2003)

It is introduced: on January, 06th, 2004

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