Atrium: the house under glass

The first atriumyi, representing a main internal hall in the building centre, were constructed by Romans. Since then atriumyi are actively used in architecture. But if about ten years ago atriumyi erected mainly in shopping centres and stations in due course the ancient architectural element began to appear in hotels, business centres, banks, theatres, museums, school buildings and private houses. Today atrium not a rarity in under construction and reconstructed buildings of corporate and private customers.
From the architectura point of view atrium is the spacious premise which height makes some floors. Atrium can have a through traffic with the premises possessed on floors of a building, or to be completely isolated. Sometimes it forms original «a light well» for adjoining premises from which it is separated by windows. Atriumyi in public and a housing estate execute a special role. On the one hand, serve as an ornament of buildings, and with other – execute useful functions.
Buildings with atriumami can be built and maintained more economically, than usual. It some kind of a huge variant of a window with double ostekleniem. The roof atriumnogo spaces serves as though as a buffer zone between outside and internal space. In some cases the air space atriuma is used for compulsory air circulation. From the economic party the atrium-cube (the minimum area of a surface) is optimum. A summer overheat eliminate by means of the awnings which have been built in a roof.
Overlappings atriumov, as a rule, sveto-transparent. The effect of natural illumination of an interior of a building is reached at the expense of ease bearing metallokonstruktsiy and optical properties svetoprozrachnogo a material. Expenses for the system atriumov are compensated by the raised level of functionality, imposing appearance and commercial appeal of a building. According to experts, the economy of the electric power spent for illumination of the big areas, covered atriumami, can be rather significant. However the increase svetoprozrachnyih the areas can lead to essential growth of load on maintenance of optimum temperature indoors. Nevertheless in shopping centres where significant loads on the cooling are usually necessary, caused by work of powerful fixtures, application of natural illumination can to lead to decrease in working costs during the summer period. Besides, it is necessary to notice, that there where atrium it is formed by overlapping of a courtyard or connection of two buildings standing close by, the total thermal balance can be essentially lowered, as in these cases is sharply reduced teploperehod through the walls leaving in atrium.
Very important "economic" moment is operation svetoprozrachnyih atriumov. It concerns and maintenance of cleanliness of covers, and to a complex of measures which should supply protection of double-glazed windows against mechanical damages, and also prevent water leakings. So, after opening Gostinogo of the Court yard the building maintenance service has noticed, that in the double-glazed windows serving by cover atriuma, there were cracks. Have originally thought, that it is fault of builders and a selection committee. Have replaced expensive blocks. However in crack couple of days have appeared again. Have consulted with experts as have thought, that the building shrinks and the geometry is infringed. Though experts have not confirmed fears, cracks have appeared again. Employees of a maintenance service and complex protection have decided to find out a mysterious origin of cracks. Having established the supervision chamber, began to wait patiently. And what their surprise when supervision chambers have fixed was, that glasses beat. . Local ravens. There is it so: one of a raven finds a heavy stone on the earth, suffices its beak, flies up and with force throws it on glass. Other flight turns nearby and with curiosity watches an event. As soon as the shell achieves the object, "spectators" welcome the broken glass loud hubbub. That henceforth pranks a raven did not repeat, the maintaining company had to establish special frightening off systems for the birds, similar to what act at the airports.
To one of the most well-known metropolitan buildings with atriumom is GUM. Atrium in it covers three longitudinal and two cross-section trading galleries. Under flat atriumom there are also trading numbers of the Petrovsky passage. Huge atrium it is constructed over a trading complex on the Kursk area. The glass structure was so successfully entered in architecture of a complex, that a trading number and the name has received – «Atrium». Trehsvetnyiy atrium serves as a shopping centre ornament on Rublevsky highway, 42. Svetoprozrachnyie covers now use at building of trading complexes at metro stations. Though also small, but very original atrium it is erected in a trading-entertaining complex "Ohotnij rjad". It represents a dome on which external arch the image of a card of Northern hemisphere is put. The dome does one turn-over for days and indicates time in the largest cities of a hemisphere. Atrium decorates a building where there is a new scene of the Bolshoi theatre. « International »– one of the first-ever hotels-atriumov, embodying modern architecture of a multipurpose hotel complex. It – a part of World trade centre which for self-sufficiency name« a city in a city ».
From new objects it is necessary to note atrium a new building of Musical theatre of a name of Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko erected on the Big Dmitrovka. Atrium will connect new and old cases of Musical theatre. In a new seven-story building will place administrative premises, is art-industrial masterful, choral and ballet classes.
Are not ignored atriumyi at building of business centres and offices of the known companies. For example, in a business centre on Novinsky parkway, 31 office areas are designed round central atriuma which is a main element of a building.
For the account atriuma the special glamour is given a new building of Department of investment programs of building of a city in the street Vozdvizhenka, 8.
During recent reconstruction constructed by architect Mejsnerom in 1901 of the trading house of prince Golitsyn a courtyard well have covered with a glass roof. The project of architect A.Asadova very much is pleasant to employees of the Central Electoral Commission which nowadays takes golitsyinskiy the trading house. Atrium – an element of the governmental building in a complex "Moscow-city". According to the unique project, the building will be broken atriumami into sections on eight floors, and in its top part there will be four helicopter platforms.
Before recent time atriumyi, covering patios or small internal court yard, were attribute of private building in the countries of the Mediterranean. Today atrium it is possible to meet and in the cottages erected in Moscow suburbs. In such houses usually the leading role is played by the premises adjoining to atriumu, and it appears as though additional space. Atrium – some kind of the communication space supplying access to all parts of a building. Under atriumom often are two-and trehsvetnyie the drawing rooms dividing private and guest parts at home.
Premises under atriumom, as a rule, are connected to a garden which gives the chance to inhabitants of the house of dialogue with the nature in droughty summer, and also in snow and cold winter months. However at designing and house building considerable skill of architects which will manage is required to make atrium so that it differed from a usual greenhouse. The house with a transparent roof most likely will approach a family of romanticists as pragmatists all the same will give the preferences to a reliable tile. Source: the Newspaper "Building" #20 (2004) heading “Stroyinform”

It is introduced: on July, 20th, 2004

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