Arhitekturnyiy an aluminium profile: production, technology, the market

Semistructural front system with the thin clamping profiles covering double-glazed windows on perimetre. At the expense of minimisation visible outside of the aluminium parts, the given system has more attractive appearance, all dignities of the previous system are thus saved.

• With structural ostekleniem

Konstruktiv a skeleton same, as well as at the previous systems, difference consists only in a method of fastening of double-glazed windows.

By means of special silikonov double-glazed windows are pasted in a basic frame which then fastens to a bearing skeleton. For the given system complete absence visible outside of aluminium elements is characteristic. Thanks to it the effect of a continuous glass wall giving to a building a unique modern kind is reached. Until recently there was a number of the aspects interfering a wide circulation structural ostekleniya, namely existence of danger of loss of a double-glazed window and insufficient heat-shielding characteristics. At the moment the majority of manufacturers of aluminium profiles for svetoprozrachnyih front designs was eliminated by the defects set forth above.

Front systems use at erection of front hinged walls, domes, svetoprozrachnyih roofs, winter gardens etc.

3. Systems for ostekleniya balconies and loggias

• The sliding

Movement of shutters is supplied with steel adjustable wheels and a special directing profile;

• raspashnyie

Raspashnyie designs are usually put there where the sliding system cannot be established, for example, on balconies where parapets are bent under the radius which bend some shutters raspashnoy repeat systems. For convenience of operation combinations "sliding" and «raspashnoy systems» are possible also: on direct plots – «razdvizhka»; on bends - «raspashnaya».

4. Systems for manufacturing of internal partitions

• The stationary

Stationary partitions rigidly fasten to bearing designs of a building (a floor, a ceiling, walls) and are applied to the equipment of offices, the trading areas, and also private interiors;

• The sliding

Sliding partitions functionally execute a role at once the several sliding doors delivered in one number. And all shutters are mobile, move on pendant rollers. Directing for rollers it is established from above and fastens to a ceiling, on an aperture or in an aperture, on a floor the directing can both to be, and to be absent.

Sliding partitions can be established in the centre of premises where they execute at once three functions: walls, an aperture and a sliding door.

• The mobile

The mobile partitions supposing fast moving on the area, are applied, as a rule, at offices and allow to change a configuration of working space in connection with change of the problems decided by staff.

Classification by quality indicators:

1. Cold aluminium
"Cold" aluminium systems and designs apply there where heat preservations it is not required. These are internal windows, doors, partitions, stained-glass windows.

2. Warm aluminium
Distinctive feature: availability of the thermobridge.

The thermobridge is a profile from poliuretana or polyamide. It is inserted between two aluminium profiles which make uniform aluminium system (for example, window aluminium system).

The width of a thermoisolating insert fluctuates from 18 to 100 mm, depending on the manufacturer and a class teplosberezheniya to which the profile belongs.

The profile from polyamide is used not by all manufacturers. For example, «New Tec Group» (Italy) in systems NT 60, NT 68 and NT Wood instead of a profile applies two polyamide laths. At small width (24 mm) the laths rolled up in aluminium behave basically the same as a profile.

The "warm" design is received by the multichamber. Usually in it 3 air cavities, but can be and 5. There are profiles in which 7 chambers («SCHUCO»), - these items are intended for especially warm designs and areas of the extreme north. The number of chambers only at the expense of a polyamide part increases - to increase their quantity in aluminium parts technically it is impossible. The more cavities in polyamide, the "more warmly" a profile. However, the quantity of cavities should grow to proportionally increase in width of a thermoinsert (if at width of a polyamide insert, for example, 25 mm to arrange in it 5 chambers, the profile not becomes warmer"). Additional walls appearing in a polyamide profile not simply"partition off"chambers, but also are rigidity edges.

"Warm" aluminium systems and designs establish there where preservation it is warm it is necessary. These are source doors, outside windows, balconies and so forth

Process of production of an architectural aluminium profile

Process of production of architectural aluminium profiles is subdivided on two basic stages.

1. From chushkovogo primary aluminium with addition of alloying components (use a waste of aluminium production is possible also) in plavilno-foundry units receive ingots (preparations).

Process of production of preparations

2. A method of pressing to preparations give this or that necessary form. Pressing aluminium architectural dlinnomerov is made on hydraulic pressah. Process consists in expression of aluminium from the closed cavity through an aperture in a matrix, corresponding to section of a pressed profile.

Technological process of pressing includes operations:

1. Preparation heating;
2. Preparation of preparation for pressing - cabin or a preparation cutting (at a cutting – smaller quantity of a waste);
3. Directly process of pressing;
4. zakalivanie.

Process of production of aluminium profiles

Allocate two methods of pressing: direct and return.

At direct pressing movement of a punch of a press and the aluminium expiration through a matrix aperture occur in one direction.

The pressing scheme prutka to straight lines () and the return () a method

At direct pressing it is required to apply considerably bolshee effort as its part is expended on friction overcoming at moving of metal of preparation in the container. The press rest makes 18-20 % from weight of preparation (in some cases – 30-40 %). But process is characterised more by a surface choice quality, the scheme of pressing more simple.

At return pressing preparation mortgage in the deaf container, and it at pressing remains motionless, and the expiration of metal from an aperture of a matrix which fastens on the end of a hollow punch, occurs in a direction, the return to movement of a punch to a matrix.

Return pressing requires smaller efforts, the press rest makes 5-6 %. However smaller deformation leads to that pressed prutok saves traces of structure of cast metal. The constructive scheme more difficult.

The basic advantages of process of pressing concern:

• Possibility of processing of metals which because of low plasticity other methods to process it is impossible;
• Reception possibility practically any profile of cross-section section;
• Reception of the wide bill of rating of items on same pressovom the equipment with replacement only matrixes;
• High efficiency, to 2 … 3 m./minutes

Defects of process of pressing:

• The raised cost of metal per unit of an item because of losses in the form of the press rest;
• Occurrence in some cases of appreciable non-uniformity of mechanical properties on length and cross-section section of an item;
• Seller’s price and low firmness pressovogo the tool;
• High power consumption.

Specificity of pressing of a "warm" profile is connected by that it consists of three parts (two aluminium + the thermobridge). Each of parts is produced separately, and then they unite.

Ready aluminium and polyamide parts incorporate on system «a groove – a crest» (grooves in an aluminium profile, crests - in polyamide). Then these connections "are gone" on the special equipment (aluminium "presses out" polyamide).

Colouring of an aluminium profile

1. Drawing of powder polymeric cover

Powder cover represents a layer of polymeric powders which at first napyilyayut on an item surface, and then subject polymerisations at certain temperature in the special furnace (the polymerisation furnace).

The base technology of drawing of a powder paint consists of three basic stages:

1. Preparation of a surface for painting (includes removal of pollution and oxides, degreasing and fosfatirovanie for increase of adhesion and protection of an item against corrosion).

2. Drawing of a layer of a powder paint on a painted surface in the dusting chamber.

3. Oplavlenie and polymerisation of powder cover in the polymerisation furnace. Formation of a film of cover. Cooling and otverzhenie paints.

2. Dressing of aluminium profiles

Represents the powder polymeric cover simulating the invoice of a tree, marble and a granite.

The technology of creation of the polymeric powder cover simulating the invoice of a tree, marble and granite, consists in drawing carrying over by vacuum thermopressing on previously created polymeric powder cover.

The received decorative cover has all advantages of powder polymeric covers: durability, atmosferostoykostyu, durability, ecological compatibility.

3. Anodizing of aluminium profiles

Before anodizing a detail carefully smooth out and degrease. Then load in an electrolit solution. "Plus" of a source of a current attach to a detail, "minus" - to aluminium capacity with electrolit. The current density should make nearby 15 mA/sm2. Anodizing lasts about 90 minutes

Usually anodized surface has pleasant grey, olive, golden, brown or black colour (depending on electrolit) and an insignificant roughness.

Such film is strong and durable cover, but, unfortunately, does not give a wide palette of the colours necessary for modern design.

The basic dignity of anodizing from the architectural point of view (building of facades) – maintainability. For giving of a surface of a primordial form after several tens years of operation it is enough to conduct works on easy abrasive clearing of a dust and a dirt. Similar restoration of the surface painted by paints is practically impossible.

The market situation characteristic

As a whole across Russia in structure of a commodity output of the aluminium companies about 80 % makes primary aluminium. The basic obstacles for increase in output with higher added value are necessity of numerous investments simultaneously, insufficiently developed home market and low volume of consumption of production of deep processing, security of the markets of the developed countries from importation of aluminium production of deep processing.

Deep processing of aluminium much more wasteful, than production of primary aluminium – significant expenses for equipment acquisition, for technologies, research and development, a payment, marketing and marketing activity.

However the situation in the Russian market of aluminium will be changed from the moment of a Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization. Today the Russian primary aluminium can successfully compete in the world market at the expense of low cost of the electric power and lower expenses for a payment.

With a Russia’s accession to the World Trade Organization the given factors cannot supply to the full competitiveness of the aluminium industry any more. Besides, the considerable increase of payments for environmental contamination after an accession to WTO will lead to that from the point of view of economic efficiency issue of primary metal will be less favourable.

The decision of problems of economic growth in these conditions will be possible only for the development account of deep processing of aluminium and more complete use of factors of internal demand.

- a high added value of production - if cost of ton of primary aluminium on the London Metal exchange in 2006 made main advantage of production of an architectural aluminium profile $2700 cost of ton of the architectural aluminium profile realised in the market of Russia, makes nearby $6247 for ton.

The recognition the Russian enterprises of deep processing of aluminium a necessary kind of the activity connecting production of primary aluminium with the end user, leads to increase in volumes and strengthening of items of the Russian players in home market of aluminium profile systems. During the period since 2005 for 2006 growth of internal production has made about 36,1 % while the increase in import of aluminium profile systems has increased less than by 0,4 %.

The characteristic of rates of increase of the Russian market of an architectural aluminium profile in 2006 (tonnage expression), %

Potential market capacity

In Russia there are significant reserves of growth of a home consumption of aluminium profile systems – in comparison with the European countries consumption of an architectural aluminium profile per capita in Russia less almost in 5 times.

Consumption of aluminium profile systems per capita in the separate countries of the world, the kg./people

During the period since 2005 for 2006 consumption of aluminium profile systems per capita in Russia has increased by 0,04 kg./people

The mid-annual gain of consumption of an architectural aluminium profile per capita in the market of Europe during the period since 2002 for 2004 made about 0,15 kg./people

Being based on a consumption level of aluminium profile systems in the European market the potential of the Russian is evaluated in 488,3 thousand tons.

Real and potential capacity of the Russian market of an architectural aluminium profile, thousand tons

Capacities of the Russian enterprises following the results of 2006 allowed to manufacture about 203 thousand tons of the pressed profiles, that on 8,6 % it is more than in 2005.

Potential of internal production of the pressed aluminium profiles in 2005-2007, thousand tons

The article is granted by Academy of the Conjuncture of the Industrial Markets

Date of the publication 26.09.07